03 January 2008 Volume 451 Number 7174, p 1 - 106
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The Climate Change Podcast
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behind the science, insights from journalists covering the research,
and opinions from climate experts. Each of the three monthly shows
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----------------------
EDITORIALS
----------------------
Election fireworks p1
Now is the time for the research community to catch the attention
of the next president of the United States of America.
doi:10.1038/451001a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcD0EN
Think about it p1
Reliable policy research is an underrated planning tool in developing
countries.
doi:10.1038/451001b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcE0EO
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NEWS
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Budget blow to US science pp2 - 3
Physics takes a hit despite earlier promises.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/451002a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcF0EP
Airgun ban halts seismic tests pp3
Whales sink plan for survey off the Canadian coast.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/451003a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcG0EQ
Iowa and after pp4 - 5
The presidential hopefuls have their say.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/451004a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcH0ER
Free journal-ranking tool enters citation market p6
Database offers on-the-fly results.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/451006a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcI0ES
Debate heats up over food from cloned animals p7
doi:10.1038/451007a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcJ0ET
Sociologist to head Turkey's university board p7
doi:10.1038/451007b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcK0EU
California petition to limit vehicle emissions rejected p007
doi:10.1038/451007c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcL0EV
Disgraced cloner seeks licence in comeback bid pp7
doi:10.1038/451007d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcM0EW
Physicist takes the helm of Italy's research council pp7
doi:10.1038/451007e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcN0EX
Illinois picked as site for carbon-capture plant p7
doi:10.1038/451007f
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcO0EY
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NEWS FEATURES
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Capacity building: The road from Rio pp8 - 11
Are think-tanks staffed by scientists a luxury that only rich nations
can afford?
Ehsan Masood meets the founders of four institutes that set out to
help poorer nations to think for themselves.
doi:10.1038/451008a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcP0EZ
Geology: The next land rush pp12 - 15
As countries race to file claims to areas of the sea floor before a
United Nations deadline, geologists and geophysicists are getting
caught up in the frenzy.
Daniel Cressey reports.
doi:10.1038/451012a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcQ0Ea
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CORRESPONDENCE
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Strategies and alliances needed to protect forest from palm-oil
industry p16
Oscar Venter, Erik Meijaard and Kerrie Wilson
doi:10.1038/451016a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcR0Eb
Illegal mining could revive Xinjiang's coalfield fires p16
Maohua Zhong and Tairan Fu
doi:10.1038/451016b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcS0Ec
Slow development impedes the uptake of diagnostics p16
Chul-So Moon, Eddy C. Agbo and David Sidransky
doi:10.1038/451016c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcT0Ed
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BOOKS AND ARTS
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Keeping pace with change p17
A textbook covering all aspects of evolution puts the spotlight on
the molecular motor that drives it.
Daniel Hartl reviews Evolution by Nicholas H. Barton, Derek E. G. Briggs,
Jonathan A. Eisen, David B. Goldstein and Nipam H. Patel
doi:10.1038/451017a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcU0Ee
Split world p18
Anton Zeilinger reviews Decoherence and the Quantum-to-Classical
Transition by Maximilian Schlosshauer
doi:10.1038/451018a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcV0Ef
Dendrites p18
doi:10.1038/451018b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcW0Eg
Natural History: Drawing conclusions p19
Jenny Meyer reviews The Great Naturalists
doi:10.1038/451019a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcX0Eh
The greening of genomics p19
Andrew H. Paterson reviews Functional Plant Genomics
doi:10.1038/451019b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcY0Ei
Invertebrate Neurobiology p19
doi:10.1038/451019c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkcZ0Ej
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Down's syndrome: Paradox of a tumour repressor p21 - 22
Having three copies of chromosome 21 reduces the incidence of solid
tumours in people with Down's syndrome. Studies in mice provide clues
to why, and highlight a complex gene-function relationship.
David W. Threadgill
doi:10.1038/451021a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkca0Eq
50 & 100 Years Ago p22
doi:10.1038/451022a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcb0Er
Magnetism: Freedom for the poles p22 - 23
Magnetic poles always come in twos, a north and a south. That received
wisdom has not stopped physicists from searching for 'monopoles' in
accelerators and cosmic rays. Theory now indicates a better place to look.
Oleg Tchernyshyov
doi:10.1038/451022b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcc0Es
Aquaculture: The price of lice p23 - 24
Wild salmon stocks in Canadian coastal waters are being severely affected
by parasites from fish farms. So intense are these infestations that some
populations of salmon are at risk of extinction.
Andrew A. Rosenberg
doi:10.1038/451023a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcd0Et
Neuroscience: Love hangover p24 - 25
In many species, males have developed strategies to safeguard their genetic
material from dilution by that of competing males. Fruitflies achieve this
by altering the behaviour of their partners.
Leslie C. Griffith
doi:10.1038/451024a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkce0Eu
Carbon cycle: Sources, sinks and seasons p26 - 27
Changes in the phasing of seasonal cycles of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
mark the time when a region becomes a source or a sink of CO2. One study of
such changes prompts thought-provoking conclusions.
John B. Miller
doi:10.1038/451026a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcf0Ev
Optics: Watch your back p27
A proposal for transporting photons invisibly between two unconnected points
in space seems worthy of a Star Trek plot. But it is in principle wholly
realizable, and could open up new vistas - literally.
Kosmas L. Tsakmakidis and Ortwin Hess
doi:10.1038/451027a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcg0Ew
Obituary: Alan J. Southward (1928-2007) p28
Marine biologist: a pioneer of marine ecosystem time series.
Paul R. Dando
doi:10.1038/451028a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkch0Ex
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS Q&A
----------------------
Astronomy: Extrasolar planets p29 - 31
Hundreds of planets are known to orbit stars other than the Sun, and
unprecedented observations of their atmospheres and structures are
being made. It's an invaluable opening for understanding the planets'
diverse natures, the formation of our Solar System, and the possibility
of habitable planets beyond our home.
Dimitar D. Sasselov
doi:10.1038/451029a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkci0Ey
----------------------
Article
----------------------
A receptor that mediates the post-mating switch in Drosophila reproductive
behaviour p33
A receptor for the Drosophila melanogaster sex peptide (SP), the primary
trigger of post-mating responses, is identified. Females lacking the sex
peptide receptor (either entirely or only in the nervous system) fail to
respond to SP and continue to show virgin behaviours, even after mating.
Nilay Yapici, Young-Joon Kim, Carlos Ribeiro & Barry J. Dickson
doi:10.1038/nature06483
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcj0Ez
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkck0E1
----------------------
Letters
----------------------
A young massive planet in a star–disk system p38
There is a general consensus that planets form within disks of dust and gas
around newly born stars. However, the timescale of planet formation remains
unclear. The detection of a planet of mass 9.8 ± 3.3 MJupiter around TW
Hydrae, a nearby young star with an age of only 8 10 Myr, orbiting with a
period of 3.56 days is reported. This demonstrates that planets can form within
10Myr, before the disk has been dissipated by stellar winds and radiation.
J. Setiawan, Th. Henning, R. Launhardt, A. Müller, P. Weise & M. Kürster
doi:10.1038/nature06426
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcl0E2
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcm0E3
Magnetic monopoles in spin ice p42
A theoretical study proposes that magnetic monopoles may appear not as elementary
but as emergent particles in complex, strongly correlated magnetic systems such
as spin ice, in analogy to fractional electric charges in quantum Hall systems.
This theory explains a mysterious phase transition in spin ice that has been
observed experimentally.
C. Castelnovo, R. Moessner & S. L. Sondhi
doi:10.1038/nature06433
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcn0E4
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkco0E5
Three-dimensional atomic-scale structure of size-selected gold nanoclusters p46
Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, coupled with
simple imaging simulation, is used to determine with atomic resolution the size,
three-dimensional shape, orientation and atomic arrangement of size-selected
gold nanoclusters that are preformed in the gas phase and soft-landed on an
amorphous carbon substrate.
Z. Y. Li et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06470
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcp0E6
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcq0E7
Net carbon dioxide losses of northern ecosystems in response to autumn warming p49
Shilong Piao et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06444
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcr0E8
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcs0EA
Vertical structure of recent Arctic warming p53
Near surface warming in the Arctic has been almost twice as large as the global
average over the past few decades. The vertical structure of temperature change
in this region during the late twentieth century is examined and evidence is
found for temperature amplification well above the surface. The causes of this
amplification aloft remain uncertain, as feedbacks associated with the recent
reduction in snow and ice cover are unlikely to be the cause.
Rune G. Graversen, Thorsten Mauritsen, Michael Tjernström, Erland Källén &
Gunilla Svensson
doi:10.1038/nature06502
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkct0EB
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcu0EC
Effects of acoustic waves on stick–slip in granular media and implications for
earthquakes p57
Paul A. Johnson, Heather Savage, Matt Knuth, Joan Gomberg & Chris Marone
doi:10.1038/nature06440
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcv0ED
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcw0EE
Sparse optical microstimulation in barrel cortex drives learned behaviour in freely
moving mice p61
Daniel Huber et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06445
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcx0EF
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcy0EG
Behavioural report of single neuron stimulation in somatosensory cortex p65
Stimulation of single neurons in somatosensory cortex affects rats' behavioural
responses in a detection task, suggesting a sparser cortical code for sensations
than previously anticipated.
Arthur R. Houweling & Michael Brecht
doi:10.1038/nature06447
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkcz0EH
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkc10E3
TRPC channel activation by extracellular thioredoxin p69
Reducing agents can activate different members of the transient receptor potential
(TRP) superfamily of ion channels (TRPC1 and TRPC5) by breaking a disulphide bridge
in the extracellular loop adjacent to the ion permation pore. A high concentration
of the endogenous reducing agent, thioredoxin, is present in rheumatoid arthritis
and may reduce secretion of matrix metalloproteinases by its inhibition of TRPC1
and TRPC5.
Shang-Zhong Xu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06414
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkc20E4
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkc30E5
Trisomy represses ApcMin-mediated tumours in mouse models of Down's syndrome p73
People with Down's syndrome seem to have a decreased incidence of solid tumours.
This paper reports a mouse model for intestinal tumours in which trisomy for a
subset of mouse orthologues of chromosome 21 genes reduces tumour incidence,
whereas monosomy of the same genes increases the number of tumours. This dosage
dependent effect can to a large extent be attributed to the transcription factor Ets2.
Thomas E. Sussan, Annan Yang, Fu Li, Michael C. Ostrowski & Roger H. Reeves
doi:10.1038/nature06446
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkc40E6
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkc50E7
NUMB controls p53 tumour suppressor activity p76
Numb functions as a tumour suppressor protein by regulating another tumour suppressor,
p53. Numb binds and inhibits the activity of the ubiquitin ligase HDM2, and thereby
promotes p53 stability and function. Low levels of Numb expression in breast tumours
is associated with a poor prognosis.
Ivan N. Colaluca et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06412
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkc60E8
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkc70EA
Poly(ADP-ribose)-binding zinc finger motifs in DNA repair/checkpoint proteins p81
A novel poly(ADP-ribose)-binding zinc finger (PBZ) motif is identified. This motif
is found in several eukaryotic checkpoint and DNA repair proteins, such as CHFR
and APLF. Mutations in the PBZ of CHFR affect its function in checkpoint regulation,
suggesting that both the poly (ADP ribosyl)ation of proteins, and the interaction of
this modification with other factors, is important for the DNA damage response.
Ivan Ahel et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06420
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0Bkc80EB
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkdA0EL
Non-fermentative pathways for synthesis of branched-chain higher alcohols as
biofuels p86
A metabolic engineering approach is used to re engineer Escherichia coli so that
it could produce higher alcohols from glucose, a renewable energy source. The
strategy involves diverting intermediates in the amino acid biosynthetic pathway
to synthesize the desired alcohol and may facilitate the large scale production of
biofuels via microbial fermentation.
Shota Atsumi, Taizo Hanai & James C. Liao
doi:10.1038/nature06450
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkdB0EM
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkdC0EN
Distinct domains of tRNA synthetase recognize the same base pair p90
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases attach amino acids to tRNAs. Occasionally, an incorrect
amino acid will attached to the wrong tRNA, and this must be reversed, or edited,
to prevent the wrong amino acid from being incorporated into protein. This paper
shows that the same base pair in the tRNA that is important for the aminoacyl
reaction is also important for editing, and that surprisingly, the proofreading site
is in a different domain of the protein.
Kirk Beebe, Marissa Mock, Eve Merriman & Paul Schimmel
doi:10.1038/nature06454
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkdD0EO
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkdE0EP
Structure of a tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase splicing factor bound to a group I intron
RNA p94
The structure of truncated Neurospora crassa mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase
(CYT 18) with the intron ribozyme T wort orf142 I2 is solved. The interaction
surface is different than that used by CYT 18 to bind tRNATyr when it is functioning
as a tyrosyl tRNA synthetase. The protein serves as a scaffold that extends the intron,
facilitating its splicing function.
Paul J. Paukstelis, Jui-Hui Chen, Elaine Chase, Alan M. Lambowitz & Barbara L. Golden
doi:10.1038/nature06413
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkdF0EQ
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkdG0ER
Structure of the sulphiredoxin–peroxiredoxin complex reveals an essential repair
embrace p98
The X ray crystal structure of peroxiredoxin bound to sulphiredoxin is solved. In
this structure of the co complex, the carboxy terminus of peroxiredoxin is completely
unfolded, and it is 'packed' onto the backside of sulphiredoxin, away from the
sulphiredoxin active site. Binding studies and activity analyses of site directed
mutants at this interface show that the interaction is required for repair to occur.
Thomas J. Jönsson, Lynnette C. Johnson & W. Todd Lowther
doi:10.1038/nature06415
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkdH0ES
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkdI0ET
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CORRIGENDA
----------------------
Dissecting a circuit for olfactory behaviour in Caenorhabditis elegans p102
Sreekanth H. Chalasani et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06540
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkdJ0EU
Gene-specific control of inflammation by TLR-induced chromatin modifications p102
Simmie L. Foster, Diana C. Hargreaves and Ruslan Medzhitov
doi:10.1038/nature06541
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkdK0EV
----------------------
NATURE JOBS
----------------------
Prospect
Prospects p103
Tales of life as a postdoc.
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7174-103a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkdL0EW
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
When Britney Spears comes to my lab p106
Now that's what I call pop culture!
Vince LiCata
doi:10.1038/451106a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkdM0EX
------------------------------
ADVANCE ONLINE PUBLICATION
------------------------------
02 January 2008
Article
Predicting expression patterns from regulatory sequence in Drosophila
segmentation
Eran Segal, Tali Raveh-Sadka, Mark Schroeder, Ulrich Unnerstall
& Ulrike Gaul
doi:10.1038/nature06496
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BkdN0EY
======================================================================
The University of Miami, Nature Publishing Group and Scripps Florida
present
Miami 2008 Winter Symposium
Regulatory RNA in Biology and Human Health
February 2-6, 2008 * Miami Beach, FL
The 2008 symposium will look at our current understanding of the
mechanisms of action and biogenesis of small regulatory RNAs and how
this is being applied to create a new generation of therapeutics and
diagnostics.
For more information visit:
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eiT30Xztnp0HjB0BahG0EL
anatureconference
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