August 2009 Volume 11 Number 8, pp 915 - 1043
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EDITORIAL
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Attracting women p915
Women remain underrepresented in senior academic positions, despite
similar numbers of male and female graduates. The imbalance is best
addressed by focusing on the reasons for divergent career choices.
doi:10.1038/ncb0809-915
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BOOK REVIEW
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Physical Matryoshka of cell biology p916
Patricia Bassereau and Pierre Nassoy review Physical Biology of the
Cell by Rob Phillips, Jane Kondev and Julie Theriot
doi:10.1038/ncb0809-916
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Homologue pairing: getting it right pp917 - 918
In Caernorhabditis elegans, homologue pairing is mediated by specialized
regions near one end of each chromosome in conjunction with zinc finger
(ZnF)-bearing proteins. Families of repeated sequences that are enriched
within these regions have now been identified. By recruiting their cognate
ZnF-bearing proteins, these regions promote pairing and synapsis.
R. Scott Hawley and William D. Gilliland
doi:10.1038/ncb0809-917
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Axon growth-stimulus package includes local translation pp919 - 921
Translation of localized mRNAs is an important mechanism for controlling
spatially discrete cellular processes. The polarity protein Par-3 is
locally translated in axons in response to factors such as NGF and
netrin-1, and this increased expression is necessary for factor-stimulated
axonal outgrowth.
Ian G. Macara, Hidekazu Iioka and Stavroula Mili
doi:10.1038/ncb0809-919
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SASPense and DDRama in cancer and ageing pp921 - 923
Senescent cells alter their microenvironment by secreting a growing
collection of factors, a phenomenon termed the senescence-associated
secretory phenotype (SASP). Cellular senescence is often the result
of nuclear DNA damage fuelling a chronic DNA damage response (DDR).
Upstream elements of the DDR cascade are necessary for full blown SASP,
and additional crosstalk occurs between the DDR and cytokine secretion.
Marzia Fumagalli and Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
doi:10.1038/ncb0809-921
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Research highlights p924
Silvia Grisendi, Nathalie Le Bot, Christina Karlsson Rosenthal and
Sowmya Swaminathan
doi:10.1038/ncb0809-924
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ARTICLES
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Histone levels are regulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitylation-dependent
proteolysis pp925 - 933
Non-chromatin associated histones are unstable in budding yeast. Tyrosine
phosphorylation of histone H3 followed by subsequent ubiquitylation by the
ubiquitin conjugating enzymes Ubc4 and Ubc5 and the ubiquitin ligase Tom1
triggers H3 degradation.
Rakesh Kumar Singh, Marie-Helene Miquel Kabbaj, Johanna Paik and
Akash Gunjan
doi:10.1038/ncb1903
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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Identification of chromosome sequence motifs that mediate meiotic pairing
and synapsis in C. elegans pp934 - 942
Pairing centres are specialized regions on worm chromosomes that mediate
homologous pairing during meiosis. Sequence motifs that recruit proteins
involved in pairing have been identified and they are sufficient for
chromosome synapsis and segregation during meiosis.
Carolyn M. Phillips, Xiangdong Meng, Lei Zhang, Jacqueline H. Chretien,
Fyodor D. Urnov and Abby F. Dernburg
doi:10.1038/ncb1904
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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----------------------
LETTERS
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A SNAIL1-SMAD3/4 transcriptional repressor complex promotes TGF-beta
mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition pp943 - 950
TGF-beta mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) during
tumorigenesis but the molecular mechanisms driving this effect have
been unclear. The transcriptional repressor SNAIL1 and the downstream
effector of TGF-beta SMAD3/4 cooperate to repress gene expression during
TGF-beta-mediated EMT.
Theresa Vincent, Etienne P. A. Neve, Jill R. Johnson, Alexander Kukalev,
Federico Rojo, Joan Albanell, Kristian Pietras, Ismo Virtanen,
Lennart Philipson, Philip L. Leopold, Ronald G. Crystal, Antonio Garcia
de Herreros, Aristidis Moustakas, Ralf F. Pettersson and Jonas Fuxe
doi:10.1038/ncb1905
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=1&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=17&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
A regulatory pathway involving Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1 determines
cardiac progenitor cell fate. pp951 - 957
Notch1 inhibits cardiac progenitor cell expansion by preventing the
accumulation of phosphorylated beta-catenin, which normally promotes
their proliferation. In a feedback loop, Notch1 positively regulates
the expression of cardiac transcription factors to induce progenitor
cell differentiation, whereas beta-catenin has the reverse effect.
Chulan Kwon, Li Qian, Paul Cheng, Vishal Nigam, Joshua Arnold and
Deepak Srivastava
doi:10.1038/ncb1906
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=67&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=131&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mitochondrial fission factor Drp1 is essential for embryonic development
and synapse formation in mice pp958 - 966
Mice that lack the fission mitochondrial GTPase Drp1, are shown to die
during embryonic development. Although Drp1 is not required for apoptosis,
the absence of Drp1 leads to neuronal and synaptic defects due to a
failure of elongated mitochondria to reach distal parts of axons.
Naotada Ishihara, Masatoshi Nomura, Akihiro Jofuku, Hiroki Kato,
Satoshi O. Suzuki, Keiji Masuda, Hidenori Otera, Yae Nakanishi,
Ikuya Nonaka, Yu-ichi Goto, Naoko Taguchi, Hidetaka Morinaga,
Maki Maeda, Ryoichi Takayanagi, Sadaki Yokota and Katsuyoshi Mihara
doi:10.1038/ncb1907
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=71&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=80&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Prolyl isomerase Pin1 acts as a switch to control the degree of substrate
ubiquitylation pp967 - 972
Pin1 regulates protein degradation and is now shown to control the
ubiquitylation status of its targets. In yeast, Pin1 decreases the
ubiquitylation of the transcription factor Spt23 to activate it,
while low Pin1 levels increase its degradation. Similarly, inhibition
of Pin1 in mammalian cells increases p53 ubiquitylation and nuclear
degradation.
Dirk Siepe and Stefan Jentsch
doi:10.1038/ncb1908
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=132&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=65&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Persistent DNA damage signalling triggers senescence-associated
inflammatory cytokine secretion pp973 - 979
Persistent DNA damage activation and oncogene-induced senescence
stimulate secretion of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, which is
mediated by the damage-response pathway including ATM, NBS1 and CHK2.
Tumours with an activated DNA damage response show elevated IL-6 and
invasiveness.
Francis Rodier, Jean-Philippe Coppe, Christopher K. Patil, Wieteke A. M.
Hoeijmakers, Denise P. Munoz, Saba R. Raza, Adam Freund, Eric Campeau,
Albert R. Davalos and Judith Campisi
doi:10.1038/ncb1909
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=7&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=116&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
The DNA damage response at eroded telomeres and tethering to the nuclear
pore complex pp980 - 987
Cells with a single short telomere and lacking telomerase mount a damage
response consisting of recruitment of DNA damage checkpoint proteins,
Cdc13, RPA and Rad52, many generations before senescence and in addition
show tethering of the short telomere to the nuclear pore complex.
Basheer Khadaroo, M. Teresa Teixeira, Pierre Luciano, Nadine Eckert-Boulet,
Susanne M. Germann, Marie Noelle Simon, Irene Gallina, Pauline Abdallah,
Eric Gilson, Vincent Geli and Michael Lisby
doi:10.1038/ncb1910
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=120&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=118&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
A two-step model for senescence triggered by a single critically short
telomere pp988 - 993
Cells with a single short telomere and lacking telomerase continue to
divide until they activate a Mec1/ATR-dependent checkpoint, causing
senescence.
Pauline Abdallah, Pierre Luciano, Kurt W. Runge, Michael Lisby,
Vincent Geli, Eric Gilson and M. Teresa Teixeira
doi:10.1038/ncb1911
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=75&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
VHL loss causes spindle misorientation and chromosome instability
pp994 - 1001
The tumour suppressor protein VHL, which is inactivated in hereditary
and sporadic forms of renal cell carcinoma, is found at the mitotic
spindle in mammalian cells. VHL inactivation leads to unstable astral
microtubules and spindle misorientation as well as to reduced levels
of Mad2, resulting in spindle checkpoint weakening and genomic instability.
Claudio R. Thoma, Alberto Toso, Katrin L. Gutbrodt, Sabina P. Reggi,
Ian J. Frew, Peter Schraml, Alexander Hergovich, Holger Moch,
Patrick Meraldi and Wilhelm Krek
doi:10.1038/ncb1912
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=72&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=46&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
BCOR regulates mesenchymal stem cell function by epigenetic mechanisms
pp1002 - 1009
Oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome is associated with mutations
in the co-repressor BCOR. Mesenchymal stem cells from OFCD patients
show higher osteo- and dentinogenic potential, partly due to defects
in AP-2a expression. BCOR mutations impair the recruitment of the
histone demethylase JHDM1B to the AP-2a promoter.
Zhipeng Fan, Takayoshi Yamaza, Janice S. Lee, Jinhua Yu, Songlin Wang,
Guoping Fan, Songtao Shi and Cun-Yu Wang
doi:10.1038/ncb1913
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=69&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=41&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Reversible acetylation of the chromatin remodelling complex NoRC is
required for non-coding RNA-dependent silencing pp1010 - 1016
The chromatin remodeller NoRC silences rDNA by establishing heterochromatin.
TIP5, a subunit of NoRC is acetylated by MOF and deacetylated by SIRT1 at
Lys 633. Acetylation decreases TIP5 binding to rDNA promoter-associated
RNA, leading to altered heterochromatin formation. TIP5 acetylation can
be modified by changes in metabolism.
Yonggang Zhou, Kerstin-Maike Schmitz, Christine Mayer, Xuejun Yuan,
Asifa Akhtar and Ingrid Grummt
doi:10.1038/ncb1914
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=39&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=76&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
The CDK4-pRB-E2F1 pathway controls insulin secretion pp1017 - 1023
The Cdk4-pRb-E2F1 pathway is shown to have a role in insulin secretion
in b cells by controlling the expression of a subunit of the K+ATP channel
through E2F1 binding to its promoter.
Jean-Sebastien Annicotte, Emilie Blanchet, Carine Chavey, Irena Iankova,
Safia Costes, Said Assou, Jacques Teyssier, Stephane Dalle, Claude Sardet
and Lluis Fajas
doi:10.1038/ncb1915
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=18&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=135&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Axonal elongation triggered by stimulus-induced local translation of a
polarity complex protein pp1024 - 1030
During neuronal development, the axonal growth rate is regulated in
conjunction with pathfinding. Stimulation of localized mRNA translation
of the polarity protein PAR3 by neural growth factor (NGF) and netrin-1
is now shown to be required for axonal outgrowth.
Ulrich Hengst, Alessia Deglincerti, Hyung Joon Kim, Noo Li Jeon and
Samie R. Jaffrey
doi:10.1038/ncb1916
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
MicroRNA MiR-17 retards tissue growth and represses fibronectin
expression pp1031 - 1038
MicroRNAs are frequently expressed in clusters, which often prevent
the attribution of an individual microRNA to a specific function.
Single overexpression of miR17, a microRNA belonging to a six-microRNA
cluster, shows it controls heart, spleen and liver development by
targeting fibronectin.
Sze Wan Shan, Daniel Y. Lee, Zhaoqun Deng, Tatiana Shatseva, Zina Jeyapalan,
William W. Du, Yaou Zhang, Jim W. Xuan, Siu-Pok Yee, Vinayakumar Siragam and
Burton B. Yang
doi:10.1038/ncb1917
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=42&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BRIEF COMMUNICATION
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Differential requirements for actin during yeast and mammalian endocytosis
pp1039 - 1042
The actin cytoskleteon is essential for endocytosis in budding yeast but
it is less significant in mammalian cells. Actin is shown to be required
during plasma membrane invagination in yeast endocytosis due to the
turgor pressure that is characteristic of yeast cells
Soheil Aghamohammadzadeh and Kathryn R. Ayscough
doi:10.1038/ncb1918
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=109&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRIGENDUM
----------------------
Corrigendum p1042
doi:10.1038/ncb0809-1042
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ERRATUM
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Epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) modulates Notch signalling
and affects neural stem cell renewal p1043
Mirko H.H. Schmidt et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb0809-1043
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=89&m=33787030&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTQ3NDQ5OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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