July 2008 Volume 14 Number 7, pp 695 - 789
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EDITORIAL
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The great pretenders pp695 - 696
Some analysts believe that the economic hegemony of the US is on its last legs, but the same does not seem to be true of its scientific supremacy.
doi:10.1038/nm0708-695
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKA0EC
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NEWS
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Harvard turns to matchmaking to speed translational research p697
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/nm0708-697
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKB0ED
Extra drugs and slower weaning lowers HIV risk for newborns p698
Virginia Hughes
doi:10.1038/nm0708-698a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKC0EE
Among preemies, milk benefits girls most p698
Virginia Hughes
doi:10.1038/nm0708-698b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKD0EF
Fearful of vaccines, some parents find cause for celebration p699
Genevive Bjorn
doi:10.1038/nm0708-699a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKE0EG
Brazilian court decision eases scientists' stem cell worries p699
Rodrigo Squizato
doi:10.1038/nm0708-699b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKF0EH
New countermeasures considered as drug counterfeiting grows p699
Charlotte Schubert
doi:10.1038/nm0708-700a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKG0EI
Victims of West Nile virus face long-term health problems p700
Genevive Bjorn
doi:10.1038/nm0708-700b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKH0EJ
Report urges Europe to combine wealth of biobank data p701
Coco Ballantyne
doi:10.1038/nm0708-701a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKI0EK
Healthy actions reverberate strongly p701
Coco Ballantyne
doi:10.1038/nm0708-701b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKJ0EL
News in brief pp702 - 703
doi:10.1038/nm0708-702
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKK0EM
Straight talk with...Charles rotimi pp704 - 705
When Charles Rotimi moved from his native Nigeria in January 1982 to study public health at the University of Mississippi, he came face to face with a startling problem. In his coursework and daily life, he grappled with the question of why some US groups[mdash]in particular African-Americans[mdash]suffered overall poorer health than others, such as those of European ancestry. He's now poised to help answer that question as the head of the new Intramural Center for Genomics and Health Disparities, launched in March in Bethesda, Maryland, as part of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH). Charlotte Schubert talked with Rotimi about how perceptions of race influence research and medicine[mdash]and how genetics can be used to help break down stereotypes.
doi:10.1038/nm0708-704
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKL0EN
Just spit it out pp706 - 709
The microbes that inhabit the human mouth have a lot to say about one's general health. That's part of the motivation behind a massive new push to catalog these oral bacteria. Trisha Gura finds out why researchers believe that the study of saliva deserves more than just lip service.
Trisha Gura
doi:10.1038/nm0708-706
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKM0EO
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BOOK REVIEW
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The evolution of tissue culture p710
Kendall L Knight reviews Culturing Life: How Cells Became TechnologiesHannah Landecker
doi:10.1038/nm0708-710
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKN0EP
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Regulatory RNA goes awry in Alzheimer's disease pp711 - 712
An antisense RNA may contribute to Alzheimer's disease by upregulating [beta]-secretase (pages 723-730).
Peter St George-Hyslop and Christian Haass
doi:10.1038/nm0708-711
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKO0EQ
Imatinib buys time for brain after stroke pp712 - 713
The most effective drug to treat acute ischemic stroke, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), must be applied within three hours after symptom onset because of the risk of hemorrhage and other complications such as neurotoxicity. The anticancer drug imatinib (Gleevec) may help overcome these limitations by counteracting the ability of tPA to increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (pages 731-737).
Peter Rieckmann
doi:10.1038/nm0708-712
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKP0ER
Rejuvenating premature aging pp713 - 715
Two commonly prescribed drugs, statins and aminobisphosphonates, may be helpful in combating the rare aging disorder, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (pages 769-774).
Eran Meshorer and Yosef Gruenbaum
doi:10.1038/nm0708-713
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKQ0ES
Chipping away at gallstones pp715 - 716
Gallstone disease occurs more frequently in subjects with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Findings in a mouse model suggest that the forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 lies behind this association (pages 778-782).
Folkert Kuipers and Albert K Groen
doi:10.1038/nm0708-715
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKR0ET
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COMMUNITY CORNER
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Trauma therapy on ice p717
doi:10.1038/nm0708-717
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKS0EU
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Research highlights pp718 - 719
doi:10.1038/nm0708-718
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKT0EV
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BEDSIDE TO BENCH
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Bedside to Bench: The element of surprise pp720 - 721
Daniele Piomelli
doi:10.1038/nm0708-720
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKU0EW
Bench to Bedside: Soothing the seizures of children pp721 - 722
Endocannabinoids are versatile molecules, regulating a variety of functions in the body. Daniele Piomelli explores how recent clinical trials testing rimonabant, an inhibitor of endocannabinoid signaling, for weight loss emerged from studies of individuals with schizophrenia; such trials have spurred basic research into how endocannabinoids affect both energy use and mood. Beat Lutz and Krisztina Monory examine how rimonabant might prove useful for preventing the development of adult epilepsy in response to fever-induced seizures in infants and young children.
Beat Lutz and Krisztina Monory
doi:10.1038/nm0708-721
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKV0EX
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ARTICLES
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Expression of a noncoding RNA is elevated in Alzheimer's disease and drives rapid feed-forward regulation of [beta]-secretase pp723 - 730
BACE is an enzyme necessary for the generation of neurotoxic amyloid-[beta] in Alzheimer's disease. Claes Wahlestedt and his colleagues identify a noncoding RNA that is upregulated in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disase. This noncoding RNA increases expression of BACE, driving amyloid-[beta] generation and possibly disease progression.
Mohammad Ali Faghihi et al.
doi:10.1038/nm1784
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKW0EY
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKX0EZ
Activation of PDGF-CC by tissue plasminogen activator impairs blood-brain barrier integrity during ischemic stroke pp731 - 737
tPA is a clot-buster used to treat stroke, but if it's given too late after stroke onset, it can cause complications like hemorrhage. Daniel Lawrence and his colleagues show that a US Food and Drug Administration-approved kinase inhibitor, Gleevec, can prevent this side effect, thereby extending tPA's therapeutic window.
Enming J Su et al.
doi:10.1038/nm1787
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKY0Ea
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKZ0Eb
TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ influx induces chemokine production in monocytes that aggravates inflammatory neutrophil infiltration pp738 - 747
The Ca2+-permeable channel TRPM2 stimulates monocytes to produce chemokines in response to reactive oxygen species, and channel inhibition attenuates inflammatory disease in mice. TRPM2 could be a new target for treating inflammatory diseases.
Shinichiro Yamamoto et al.
doi:10.1038/nm1758
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKa0Ei
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKb0Ej
The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib depletes plasma cells and protects mice with lupus-like disease from nephritis pp748 - 755
Bortezomib, a drug useful for the treatment of multiple myeloma, reduces kidney damage in animal models of lupus.
Kirsten Neubert et al.
doi:10.1038/nm1763
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKc0Ek
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKd0El
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LETTERS
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Aggravation of viral hepatitis by platelet-derived serotonin pp756 - 761
Philipp A Lang et al.
doi:10.1038/nm1780
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKe0Em
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKf0En
Dose-response curve slope sets class-specific limits on inhibitory potential of anti-HIV drugs pp762 - 766
Siliciano and his colleagues propose a new index for measuring the antiviral activity of anti-HIV drugs in vitro, which suggests that there are limitations to the efficacy of antiviral drugs on the basis of their mechanism of action. They suggest that the new index is a more accurate way of measuring antiviral activity and that it correlates well with clinical outcomes.
Lin Shen et al.
doi:10.1038/nm1777
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKg0Eo
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKh0Ep
Combined treatment with statins and aminobisphosphonates extends longevity in a mouse model of human premature aging pp767 - 772
Statins and aminobisphosphonates inhibit post-translational modifications and membrane accumulation of progerin, the protein that causes Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, pointing to a potential combination therapy for this disease.
Ignacio Varela et al.
doi:10.1038/nm1786
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKi0Eq
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKj0Er
SNO-hemoglobin is not essential for red blood cell-dependent hypoxic vasodilation pp773 - 777
T Scott Isbell et al.
doi:10.1038/nm1771
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKk0Es
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKl0Et
Hepatic insulin resistance directly promotes formation of cholesterol gallstones pp778 - 782
People with the metabolic syndrome often develop gallstones. Why these two disorders are linked has not been not clear, but now Kahn and his colleagues have shown that lack of insulin signaling in the liver leads to dysregulation of genes that control the transport and synthesis of bile acids, thus altering the proper profile of bile salts and resulting in the formation of gallstones.
Sudha B Biddinger et al.
doi:10.1038/nm1785
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKm0Eu
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKn0Ev
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TECHNICAL REPORT
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Molecular imaging of lymphoid organs and immune activation by positron emission tomography with a new [18F]-labeled 2[prime]-deoxycytidine analog pp783 - 788
Caius G Radu et al.
doi:10.1038/nm1724
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKo0Ew
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKp0Ex
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ERRATUM
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Erratum: Wandering eye for RNAi p789
John Rossi
doi:10.1038/nm0708-789
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emAm0Xztnp0HjT0BzKq0Ey
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