3 July 2008 Volume 454 Number 7200, pp1-136
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Voyager special
The Solar System is not round, but has an asymmetric, squashed
shape, according to recent data streamed back from the Voyager
2 spacecraft. The results are reported as part of a series of
papers in this week's Nature analysing recent observations from
the outer limits of the Solar System, and help build up a picture
of how the Sun interacts with the rest of the Galaxy.
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----------------------
EDITORIALS
----------------------
Feasting and fasting p1
Bad nutrition needs the world's attention. Not least that of
biologists.
doi:10.1038/454001a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5c0Et
In rude health pp1-2
A treasure-trove of data in the UK National Health Service is set to
energize biomedical research.
doi:10.1038/454001b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5d0Eu
Does the past have a future in Berlin? p2
Not unless a research institution's managers recognize its value.
doi:10.1038/454002a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5e0Ev
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Natural History: Nasty, brutish and short p4
doi:10.1038/454004a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5f0Ew
Neuroscience: Predicting psychosis p4
doi:10.1038/454004b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5g0Ex
Genetics: The genetics of anarchy p4
doi:10.1038/454004c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5h0Ey
Chemistry: Flipping brilliant p4
doi:10.1038/454004d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5i0Ez
Chemical biology: Anti-Alzheimer's agent p4
doi:10.1038/454004e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5j0E1
Materials science: The heart of glass pp4-5
doi:10.1038/454004f
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5k0E2
Genetics: Sex and the cortex p5
doi:10.1038/454005a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5l0E3
Ecology: Drought and the lion p5
doi:10.1038/454005b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5m0E4
Acoustics: Fiddling the numbers p5
doi:10.1038/454005c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5n0E5
Nanotechnology: Electron windmills p5
doi:10.1038/454005d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5o0E6
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JOURNAL CLUB
----------------------
Journal club p5
Peter Csermely
doi:10.1038/454005e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5p0E7
----------------------
NEWS
----------------------
Neuroscientist: my data published without authorization are
'misleading' pp6-7
Max Planck researchers charged with misusing data.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/454006a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5q0E8
Turkish politics blamed for board block pp6-7
Geologist claims personal views led to job denial.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/454006b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5r0EA
Closer than ever to the Sun p7
Astronomers plan successor for Ulysses spacecraft.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/454007a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5s0EB
Reincarnation can save Schrödinger's cat pp8-9
Physicists reverse quantum–classical transition.
Zeeya Merali
doi:10.1038/454008a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5t0EC
PLoS stays afloat with bulk publishing p11
Science-publishing firm struggles to make ends meet with open-access
model.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/454011a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5u0ED
Sidelines p12
Scribbles on the margins of science.
doi:10.1038/454012a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5v0EE
Oil and food costs may bump climate at G8 talks p12
Rich nations and emerging economies join to discuss world's most
pressing issues
Olive Heffernan
doi:10.1038/454012b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5w0EF
Snapshot: Incy Wincy spider p13
Phylogeny of Spiders project offers close-ups of spiders' silk
producers.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/454013a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5x0EG
Entomologists jailed for illegal specimen hunt p14
doi:10.1038/454014a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5y0EH
Muslim nuclear physicist sues over freedom of rights p14
doi:10.1038/454014b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By5z0EI
Linnean Society celebrates seminal evolution papers pp14-15
doi:10.1038/454014c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By510E4
Final decision expected on European stem-cell patent p15
doi:10.1038/454015a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By520E5
Spain awards apes legal rights p15
doi:10.1038/454015b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By530E6
Pay-off agreed for expert fired after anthrax attacks p15
doi:10.1038/454015c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By540E7
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COLUMNS
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PARTY OF ONE
Getting it across p16
Scientists need a carefully crafted strategy to catch the attention
of policy-makers.
David Goldston explains.
doi:10.1038/454016a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By550E8
----------------------
NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
Entomology: Battlefield insectica pp18-19
Entomologists are briefing the military on how to protect troops from
the scourge of the desert: sandflies.
Rex Dalton reports.
doi:10.1038/454018a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By560EA
Human evolution: Details of being human pp21-23
A difference in one molecule led physician Ajit Varki to question what
sets humans apart from other apes.
Bruce Lieberman meets a man who sees a big picture in the finer points.
doi:10.1038/454021a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By570EB
Scientific exploration: What a long, strange trip it's been pp24-26
Launched in 1977, NASA's Voyager missions transformed humanity's view
of the Solar System. Now in their fourth decade, they are sending back
information about the borderlands of interstellar space
(see pages 63–83). Here, three veterans recall details and moments
that meant something special along the way.
doi:10.1038/454024a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By580EC
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Amateurs as an outreach of HAARP's lunar-echo study p27
Paul Rodriguez
doi:10.1038/454027a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6A0EM
Reality lags behind rhetoric in building interdisciplinary work p27
Danae Rebecca Dodge
doi:10.1038/454027b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6B0EN
Reduce confusion by using 'design' more intelligently p27
Richard Sever
doi:10.1038/454027c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6C0EO
Picture not quite worth 1,000 words in this case p27
Peter K. Ducey
doi:10.1038/454027d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6D0EP
----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Perils of perversity pp28-29
Research is riddled with strong characters; Walter Gratzer applauds a
spirited attempt to get their measure.
Walter Gratzer reviews Rebels, Mavericks, and Heretics in Biology
doi:10.1038/454028a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6E0EQ
Bonding as key to hominid origins pp29-30
Primatology meets socio-cultural analysis in a controversial account
of human evolution.
Monique Borgerhoff Mulder reviews Primeval Kinship: How Pair-Bonding
Gave Birth To Human Society by Bernard Chapais
doi:10.1038/454029a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6F0ER
Novel alchemy p30
David Bodanis reviews The Sun and Moon Corrupted by Philip Ball
doi:10.1038/454030a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6G0ES
Hidden Treasures: Institute of Physiology collection p31
A cache of beautiful nineteenth-century German scientific devices
that has survived many misfortunes now needs a new home, reports
Alison Abbott.
doi:10.1038/454031a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6H0ET
----------------------
ESSAYS
----------------------
Science and Music: The ear of the beholder pp32-33
In the last of nine Essays on science and music, John Sloboda argues
that researchers must study music as people actually experience it,
if they are to understand how it affects thoughts and feelings.
doi:10.1038/454032a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6I0EU
Arise 'cliodynamics' pp34-35
If we are to learn how to develop a healthy society, we must transform
history into an analytical, predictive science, argues Peter Turchin.
He has identified intriguing patterns across vastly different times
and places.
doi:10.1038/454034a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6J0EV
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Origins of life: How leaky were primitive cells? pp37-38
If the first cells were simple vesicles, how did nutrients cross their
membranes without help from transport proteins? A model of a primitive
cell suggests that early membranes were surprisingly permeable.
David W. Deamer
doi:10.1038/454037a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6K0EW
Solar System: A shock for Voyager 2 pp38-39
The Voyager 2 spacecraft has now followed Voyager 1 into the region
beyond the end of the supersonic solar wind, where the influence of
interstellar space is growing -- so opening a new age of
exploration.
J. R. Jokipii
doi:10.1038/454038a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6L0EX
Ecology: Return of the niche pp39-41
Two ideas vie for prominence in community ecology --
'niche partitioning' and 'neutral theory'. A survey of patterns of
tree abundance in tropical forest prompts fresh thinking on their
respective effects.
Mathew A. Leibold
doi:10.1038/454039a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6M0EY
Atmospheric Chemistry: Her dark materials pp41-42
A glitch in the history of sulphur isotopes could imply that methane
emitted by the ancient biosphere created a high-altitude photochemical
smog, which governed the climate in a distinctly Gaian way.
Kevin Zahnle
doi:10.1038/454041a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6N0EZ
Physical chemistry: When molecules don't rebound pp43-45
Picture a simple molecule as two balls attached together by a
compressible spring. If an incoming atom strikes one end of the
molecule, the spring compresses and the vibrating molecule jumps
backwards. Or does it?
Mark Brouard
doi:10.1038/454043a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6O0Ea
Stem cells: Tips for priming potency pp45-46
Introducing just four specific genes into adult cells causes them to
regress to an embryonic stem-cell-like state. At 1%, the efficiency of
this process is low, but two tips are at hand on how to make
improvements.
Joseph F. Costello
doi:10.1038/454045a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6P0Eb
Climate change: Acid test for marine biodiversity pp46-47
Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide lead to acidification of
the oceans. A site in the Mediterranean, naturally carbonated by
under-sea volcanoes, provides clues to the possible effects on marine
ecosystems.
Ulf Riebesell
doi:10.1038/454046a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6Q0Ec
50 & 100 Years Ago p47
doi:10.1038/454047a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6R0Ed
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----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Dissecting direct reprogramming through integrative genomic
analysis p49
A genomic analysis of the reprogramming of murine fibroblasts and B
lymphocytes was performed. It is shown that fully reprogrammed cells
display gene expression and epigenetic states that are highly similar
to embryonic stem cells. But in stable partially reprogrammed cell
lines, there is reactivation of a distinct subset of stem cell related
genes and incomplete repression of lineage specifying transcription
factors.
Tarjei S. Mikkelsen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07056
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By8S0Eg
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By8T0Eh
SMAD proteins control DROSHA-mediated microRNA maturation p56
Some of the TGF-beta family of growth factors are responsible for
contractility in vascular smooth muscle cells. This paper demonstrates
that in response to ligand, TGF-beta and bone morphogenetic proteins
(BMP) promote the processing of a microRNA, miR 21, which regulates
several genes involved in contractility. This occurs through a direct
interaction of TGF-beta and BMP with the DROSHA miRNA processing complex.
Brandi N. Davis, Aaron C. Hilyard, Giorgio Lagna & Akiko Hata
doi:10.1038/nature07086
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By8V0Ej
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By8W0Ek
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Cool heliosheath plasma and deceleration of the upstream solar wind at
the termination shock pp63-66
The Voyager 2 spacecraft observed a decrease in solar wind speed
commencing on about 9 June 2007, which culminated in several crossings
of the termination shock between 30 August and 1 September 2007. This
paper reports that the heliosphere is asymmetric and that the flow is
still supersonic with respect to the thermal ions downstream of the
termination shock.
John D. Richardson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07024
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6X0Ej
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6Y0Ek
Mediation of the solar wind termination shock by non-thermal ions pp67-70
Data from the plasma and magnetic field instruments on Voyager 2
indicate that non thermal ion distributions probably play key roles in
mediating dynamical processes at the termination shock and in the
heliosheath. Intensities of low energy ions measured at Voyager 2
produce non thermal partial ion pressures in the heliosheath that are
comparable to (or exceed) both the thermal plasma pressures and the
scalar magnetic field pressures. The acceleration of ions extracts a
large fraction of bulk flow kinetic energy from the incident solar wind.
R. B. Decker et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07030
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6Z0El
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6a0Es
An asymmetric solar wind termination shock pp71-74
The supersonic (with respect to the interstellar medium) solar wind
creates a heliospheric bubble around the Sun. A termination shock
occurs where the wind abruptly slows and forms the heliosheath.
Voyager 2 crossed the termination shock at 83.7 AU in the southern
hemisphere. The intensity of 4–5 MeV protons accelerated by the shock
near Voyager 2 was three times that observed concurrently by Voyager
1, indicating differences in the shock at the two locations.
Edward C. Stone et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07022
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6b0Et
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6c0Eu
Magnetic fields at the solar wind termination shock pp75-77
A transition between the supersonic solar wind and the subsonic
heliosheath happens at the 'termination shock'. This paper reports
observations of the magnetic field structure and dynamics of the
termination shock, made by Voyager 2 on 31 August–1 September 2007
at 83.7 AU from the Sun. The data revealed a complex shock of moderate
strength undergoing reformation on a scale of a few hours, rather than
the expected days
L. F. Burlaga et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07029
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6d0Ev
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6e0Ew
Intense plasma waves at and near the solar wind termination shock pp78-80
Plasma waves are a characteristic feature of shocks in plasmas, and
the electric fields of these waves play a key role in dissipating
energy in the shock and driving the particle distributions back toward
thermal equilibrium. Starting on 31 August 2007 and ending on 1
September 2007, a series of intense bursts of broadband electrostatic
waves signalled a series of crossings of the termination shock at a
heliocentric radial distance of 83.7 AU.
D. A. Gurnett and W. S. Kurth
doi:10.1038/nature07023
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6f0Ex
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6g0Ey
Domination of heliosheath pressure by shock-accelerated pickup ions
from observations of neutral atoms pp81-83
The recent Voyager 2 measurements across the termination shock found
that the shocked solar wind plasma contains only ~20 per cent of the
energy released by the termination shock, whereas energetic particles
above ~28 keV contain only ~10 per cent. This paper reports the
detection and mapping of energetic neutral atoms produced by charge
exchange of suprathermal ions with interstellar neutrals. These
termination shock energized pickup ions contain the missing ~70 per
cent of the energy dissipated in the termination shock, and they
dominate the pressure in the heliosheath.
Linghua Wang, Robert P. Lin, Davin E. Larson and Janet G. Luhmann
doi:10.1038/nature07068
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6h0Ez
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6i0E1
Spatial cooperativity in soft glassy flows pp84-87
The spreading of a paste or emulsion on a surface is a familiar
process, yet the underlying physics is highly complex, as the
properties of these materials lie somewhere between those of solids
and liquids. Thin films of such materials can exhibit very different
behaviour compared to the bulk, being highly dependent on both the
film thickness and the roughness of the surface on which they are
flowing. For example, a thin creamy film may spread much more easily
than what would be expected from its bulk flow properties.
J. Goyon et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07026
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6j0E2
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6k0E3
Vibrational excitation through tug-of-war inelastic collisions pp88-91
A simple and much studied example of vibrationally inelastic collisions
is the crashing of a hydrogen atom into a deuterium molecule. This
experiment reveals a different inelastic scattering mechanism: it
observed vibrational excitation even in collisions where the two
species merely graze each other, and which is attributed to extension
of the D D bond through interaction with the passing H atom. This tug
of war mechanism should be at play whenever attraction can develop
between the colliding partners.
Stuart J. Greaves et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07079
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6l0E4
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6m0E5
A light carbon reservoir recorded in zircon-hosted diamond from the
Jack Hills pp92-95
The recent discovery of diamond graphite inclusions in the Earth's
oldest zircon grains from the Jack Hills metasediments in Western
Australia provides a unique opportunity to investigate Earth's
earliest known carbon reservoir. This paper reports ion microprobe
analyses of the carbon isotope composition of these diamond graphite
inclusions and finds low carbon isotopic ratios, which may reflect
deep subduction of biogenic surface carbon. But such carbon isotope
values may also be produced by inorganic chemical reactions.
Alexander A. Nemchin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07102
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6n0E6
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6o0E7
Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean
acidification p96
The ecological impact of ocean acidification as a result of climate
change is difficult to predict. A natural CO2 venting site is used
here to demonstrate the shifts occurring in a rocky shore marine
community as a result of a pH gradient.
Jason M. Hall-Spencer et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07051
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By8l0E6
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By8m0E7
Extinction risk depends strongly on factors contributing to
stochasticity pp100-103
Extinction is a fundamental process in biological systems, and is
central to our understanding of biodiversity and evolution. The use
of mathematics linked to experiments on insect populations shows that
different kinds of randomness in the life of an animal combine
together in such a way that the risk of extinction is many times
higher than previously thought possible.
Brett A. Melbourne and Alan Hastings
doi:10.1038/nature06922
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6r0EB
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6s0EC
A myocardial lineage derives from Tbx18 epicardial cells p104
This paper identifies a novel population of progenitor cells that come
from the pro epicardial organ. These cells, which express the
transcription factor Tbx18, migrate to the outer surface of the heart
to form the epicardium, and they also contribute to myocytes in the
ventrical septum and atrial and ventricular walls, as well as to
cardiac fibroblasts and coronary smooth muscle cells. Thus these
progenitors seem to be pluripotent.
Chen-Leng Cai et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06969
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By8q0EC
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By8r0ED
Epicardial progenitors contribute to the cardiomyocyte lineage in the
developing heart p109
In this paper, a new type of cardiac progenitor, marked by the
transcription factor Wt1, is shown to reside in the proepicardium and
epicardium. It is shown that during normal heart development, a subset
of Wt1+ precursors differentiated into fully functional cardiomyocytes,
and they arise from Wt1 progenitors that express Nkx2-5 and Isl1,
suggesting that they share a developmental origin with multipotent
Nkx2 5+/Isl1+ progenitors.
Bin Zhou et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07060
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By8u0EG
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By8v0EH
Functional asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans taste neurons and its
computational role in chemotaxis pp114-117
Caenorhabditis elegans uses a pair of anatomically similar sensory
neurons in its head to taste salt and moves towards higher
concentrations. It is shown that the neuron on the left fires when
salt concentration increases, whereas the one on the right responds
to a decrease in concentration. Accordingly, activity in the left
sensory neuron stimulates the animal to crawl ahead, while activity
of the cell on the other side induces turning.
Hiroshi Suzuki et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06927
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6x0EH
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By6y0EI
Formation of accumbens GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors mediates
incubation of cocaine craving p118
Relapse to cocaine use after abstinence is often induced by drug
associated cues. Cocaine seeking depends on activation of
glutamatergic AMPA receptors in the nucleus accumbens. It is now shown
that the number of AMPA receptors increases during abstinence in
rodents, and that these new receptors also have a higher conductance.
Moreover, these additional receptors were critical for the increased
reactivity of nucleus accumbens neurons to cocaine related cues.
Kelly L. Conrad et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06995
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By8z0EL
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By810E7
Template-directed synthesis of a genetic polymer in a model
protocell p122
The membranes of modern cells are made of phospholipids, which are
formidable barriers to the uptake of polar and charged molecules, a
challenge to our understanding of the origins of cellular life.
Membranes made of simple amphiphiles, such as fatty acids, allow the
passage of charged molecules (such as nucleotides), while retaining
longer genetic polymers made from them inside such protocells.
Primitive cells could thus have acquired complex nutrients from their
environment in the absence of any transport machinery.
Sheref S. Mansy, Jason P. Schrum, Mathangi Krishnamurthy, Sylvia Tobé,
Douglas A. Treco & Jack W. Szostak
doi:10.1038/nature07018
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By840EB
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By850EC
Induced ncRNAs allosterically modify RNA-binding proteins in cis to
inhibit transcription p126
A signal induced non coding RNA is shown to act like a ligand to
activate a specific RNA binding protein, TLS. This protein in turn
represses gene transcription by inhibiting a histone acetyltransferase
coactivator.
Xiangting Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06992
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By870EE
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By880EF
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Prospect
Prospects p131
Surveys on careers in academia get mixed interpretations.
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/nj7200-131a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By660EB
Special Report
Benefits blues p132
As much of the developed world moves to recognize same-sex
relationships, gay scientists in some places are swimming against a
conservative tide that limits partners' rights.
Bryn Nelson reports
doi:10.1038/nj7200-132a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By670EC
Career View
Sudhansu K. Dey, director of Division of Reproductive Sciences,
Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation p134
Reproductive-sciences researcher has made it big since a tough move
to the United States.
doi:10.1038/nj7200-134a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By680ED
Shock physics p134
Shock physics gets a funding jolt.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7200-134b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By7A0EN
Getting people to talk p134
Lab meetings are great. But getting people to participate can be
difficult.
Amanda Goh
doi:10.1038/nj7200-134c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By7B0EO
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
When Johnny comes marching home p136
Casualties of war.
Chaz Brenchley
doi:10.1038/454136a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By7C0EP
----------------------
ADVANCE ONLINE PUBLICATION
----------------------
02 July 2008
Articles
The cohesin ring concatenates sister DNA molecules
Christian H. Haering, Ana-Maria Farcas, Prakash Arumugam,
Jean Metson & Kim Nasmyth
doi:10.1038/nature07098
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By7D0EQ
Structural basis for translation termination on the 70S ribosome
Martin Laurberg, Haruichi Asahara, Andrei Korostelev, Jianyu Zhu,
Sergei Trakhanov & Harry F. Noller
doi:10.1038/nature07115
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By7E0ER
Letters
Crystal structure of the neurotrophin-3 and p75NTR symmetrical complex
Yong Gong, Peng Cao, Hong-jun Yu & Tao Jiang
doi:10.1038/nature07089
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By7F0ES
Oligomerization of STIM1 couples ER calcium depletion to CRAC channel
activation
Riina M. Luik, Bin Wang, Murali Prakriya, Minnie M. Wu
& Richard S. Lewis
doi:10.1038/nature07065
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By7G0ET
MicroRNAs expressed by herpes simplex virus 1 during latent infection
regulate viral mRNAs
Jennifer Lin Umbach, Martha F. Kramer, Igor Jurak,
Heather W. Karnowski, Donald M. Coen & Bryan R. Cullen
doi:10.1038/nature07103
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By7H0EU
29 June 2008
Letters
cAMP signalling in mushroom bodies modulates temperature preference
behaviour in Drosophila
Sung-Tae Hong et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07090
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By7I0EV
Pluripotent stem cells induced from adult neural stem cells by
reprogramming with two factors
Jeong Beom Kim et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07061
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/el360Xztnp0HjB0By7J0EW
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