19 June 2008 Volume 453 Number 7198, pp957-1142
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EDITORIALS
----------------------
Solutions, not scapegoats p957
Scientific misconduct may be more prevalent than most researchers
would like to admit. The solution needs to be wide-ranging yet
nuanced.
doi:10.1038/453957a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvg0EV
Change in the weather pp957-958
A renewed push for scientific research into weather-modification
technologies is long overdue.
doi:10.1038/453957b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvh0EW
Supporting the future p958
... but the European Research Council's success is undermined by
practices beyond its control.
doi:10.1038/453958a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvi0EX
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Optics: Fuzzy figures p960
doi:10.1038/453960a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvj0EY
Chemical nanotechnology: Close the gate p960
doi:10.1038/453960b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvk0EZ
Molecular biology: Sod it p960
doi:10.1038/453960c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvl0Ea
Animal behaviour: Token symbolism p960
doi:10.1038/453960d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvm0Eb
Astrophysics: Cosmic tiara p960
doi:10.1038/453960e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvn0Ec
Ecology: Dotty diets pp960-961
doi:10.1038/453960f
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvo0Ed
Neuroscience: Wide awake p961
doi:10.1038/453961a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvp0Ee
Molecular biology: Shaping up p961
doi:10.1038/453961b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvq0Ef
Environmental monitoring: Arsenic detectives p961
doi:10.1038/453961c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvr0Eg
Molecular biology: Cancer's instigators p961
doi:10.1038/453961d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvs0Eh
----------------------
JOURNAL CLUB
----------------------
Journal club p961
John P. Quinn
doi:10.1038/453961e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvt0Ei
----------------------
NEWS
----------------------
Japan ramps up patent effort to keep iPS lead pp962-963
United States in race to commercialize pluripotent stem cells.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/453962a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvu0Ej
Institutes in pharma cash probe pp963
Universities under pressure to investigate researchers' industry
funding.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/453963a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvv0Ek
Q&A
Lab disinfectant harms mouse fertility p964
Two chemicals widely used in cleaning agents for homes, offices and
hospitals cause birth defects and fertility problems in mice whose
cages have been in contact with them, according to Patricia Hunt at
Washington State University in Pullman. The quaternary ammonium
compounds ADBAC (n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride) and DDAC
(didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) were identified after an
exhaustive search for what was causing a massive drop-off in mouse
fertility after Hunt moved her research animals to Pullman from Case
Western Reserve Medical School in Cleveland, Ohio, in 2005. The
chemicals were in the disinfectant Virex used in the facility. It is
Hunt's second accidental foray into toxicology. In 2003 she linked a
rash of mysterious egg defects in her research animals to bisphenol A,
a chemical that began leaching from plastic water bottles after a
high-pH floor detergent was mistakenly used to clean them. Hunt, who
studies mammalian egg development, announced her latest results at
the Society for the Study of Reproduction meeting in Kona, Hawaii,
last month.
Brendan Maher
doi:10.1038/453964a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvw0El
Snapshot: Out of the ovary p965
doi:10.1038/453965a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvx0Em
Astronomical wordplay keeps them guessing pp965
Planet discovery is embedded in an anagram.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/453965b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvy0En
Sidelines pp966
Scribbles on the margins of science.
doi:10.1038/453966a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxvz0Eo
Universal law of coiling p966
Physicists reveal why paper curls the way it does.
Philip Ball
doi:10.1038/453966b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxv10Eb
UK universities in bed with the military p967
Ethics campaigners highlight extent of research funded by defence
agencies.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/453967a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bx1P0Ex
Tierra del Fuego: the beavers must die p968
War is declared on the introduced pests.
Charles Choi
doi:10.1038/453968a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxv20Ec
Virtual butterflies pp969
doi:10.1038/453969a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxv30Ed
Massachusetts finally passes life-sciences bill pp969
doi:10.1038/453969b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxv40Ee
Anti-AIDS vitamin advertising banned pp969
doi:10.1038/453969c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxv50Ef
Researcher suspended for falsifying data p969
doi:10.1038/453969d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxv60Eg
Researcher suspended for falsifying data pp969
doi:10.1038/453969d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxv60Eg
Stem-cell society condemns medical tourism pp969
doi:10.1038/453969e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxv70Eh
Lab-equipment giants set to merge pp969
doi:10.1038/453969f
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxv80Ei
----------------------
NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
Meteorology: Taming the sky pp970-974
Is it really possible to stop rain, invoke lightning from the heavens
or otherwise manipulate the weather?
Jane Qiu and Daniel Cressey report on the once-scorned notion of
weather modification.
doi:10.1038/453970a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwA0Es
Funding: The research revolution pp975-976
As the first grants from the European Research Council begin to come
through, Geoff Brumfiel investigates whether the new system is
meeting its goals.
doi:10.1038/453975a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwB0Et
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
OPINION
Fewer academics could be the answer to insufficient grants p978
Andrew Doig
doi:10.1038/453978a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwC0Eu
Working together to put molecules on the map p978
Dawn Field
doi:10.1038/453978b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwD0Ev
Decoherence does not get rid of the quantum paradox pp978-979
Nikolaus von Stillfried
doi:10.1038/453978c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwE0Ew
Ventures should not overstate their aims just to secure funding p979
Mike Hulme and Suraje Dessai
doi:10.1038/453979a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwF0Ex
Digital identifiers work for articles, so why not for authors? p979
Raf Aerts
doi:10.1038/453979b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwG0Ey
Europe needs to protect its transgenic crop research p979
Howard J. Atkinson and Peter E. Urwin
doi:10.1038/453979c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwH0Ez
----------------------
COMMENTARY
----------------------
Repairing research integrity pp980-982
A survey suggests that many research misconduct incidents in the
United States go unreported to the Office of Research Integrity.
Sandra L. Titus, James A. Wells and Lawrence J. Rhoades say it's time
to change that.
doi:10.1038/453980a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwI0E1
----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Quantum weirdness and surrealism pp983-984
A joint exploration of early modern physics and the surreal art
movement shows these twentieth-century revolutions had more in common
than we thought, explains Philip Ball.
Philip Ball reviews Surrealism, Art and Modern Science by
Gavin Parkinson
doi:10.1038/453983a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwJ0E2
Wish you were here? pp984-985
Joseph Cirincione reviews A Nuclear Family Vacation: Travels in the
World of Atomic Weaponry by Nathan Hodge and Sharon Weinberger
doi:10.1038/453984a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwK0E3
Memories revisited p985
Alison Abbott reviews In Search of Memory: The Neuroscientist
Eric Kandel
doi:10.1038/453985a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwL0E4
Building nations after conflict pp986-987
Peter Turchin reviews Fixing Failed States: A Framework for Rebuilding
a Fractured World by Ashraf Ghani and Clare Lockhart
doi:10.1038/453986a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwM0E5
Winning Darwin design takes root p986
Colin Martin
doi:10.1038/453986b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwN0E6
Q&A: Insight into Einstein p987
Actor Alan Alda, who starred in the television series M*A*S*H and now
hosts Scientific American Frontiers on US network PBS, talks about his
new play drawn from Albert Einstein's letters.
Jascha Hoffman
doi:10.1038/453987a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwO0E7
----------------------
ESSAYS
----------------------
Playing by numbers pp988-989
Statistical analysis can inform the history of music, classification
technologies, and our understanding of the act of composition itself,
argues Damian Zanette.
doi:10.1038/453988a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwP0E8
A century of puzzling pp990-991
Believed to be the world's first printed document, the Phaistos Disc
was unearthed 100 years ago. Andrew Robinson explains why this
remarkable object remains undeciphered.
doi:10.1038/453990a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwQ0EA
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Medical imaginga: Colourful future for MRI pp993-994
Following multiple physiological variables or cell types in vivo
requires specific probes. Microfabricated magnetic particles could
produce such tuneable contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging.
Richard Bowtell
doi:10.1038/453993a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwR0EB
Neuroscience: Brain control of a helping hand pp994-995
Paralysed patients would benefit if their thoughts could become
everyday actions. The demonstration that monkeys can use brain
activity for precise control of an arm-like robot is a step towards
that end.
John F. Kalaska
doi:10.1038/nature06366
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwS0EC
Cancer: Deconstructing oncogenesis pp995-996
Transformation of normal cells into cancer cells entails concerted
changes in the expression of many genes. Identifying which of those
genes are crucial will provide insight into the mechanisms underlying
malignancy.
Ji Luo and Stephen J. Elledge
doi:10.1038/453995a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwT0ED
Organic electronics: On the border pp996-997
At the interface between two compounds, physical properties can emerge
that neither material displays on its own. A striking example of such
an effect occurs at the border between two organic molecular crystals.
Liesbeth Venema
doi:10.1038/453996a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwU0EE
50 & 100 Years Ago p997
doi:10.1038/453997a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwV0EF
Structural biology: Modelling collagen diseases pp998-999
Mutations in collagen lead to hereditary disorders such as
brittle-bone disease. Peptide models for aberrant collagens are
beginning to clarify how these amino-acid replacements lead to
clinical problems.
Barbara Brodsky and Jean Baum
doi:10.1038/453998a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwW0EG
Evolutionary biology: The amphioxus unleashed pp999-1000
The genome sequence of a species of amphioxus, an iconic organism in
the history of evolutionary biology, opens up a fresh vista on the
comparative investigation of chordates and vertebrates.
Henry Gee
doi:10.1038/453999a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwX0EH
Superconductivity: Prospecting for an iron age pp1000-1001
Different material options for high-temperature superconductivity--
conduction of electricity with little or no resistance at 'practical'
temperatures -- have arrived. Iron compounds are the latest thing.
Paul M. Grant
doi:10.1038/4531000a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwY0EI
Correction p1001
doi:10.1038/4531001a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxwZ0EJ
Obituary: Christopher Curtis (1939-2008) p1002
Medical entomologist and a humanitarian campaigner.
Indira Nath
doi:10.1038/4531002a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwa0EQ
----------------------
INSIGHT
----------------------
INTRODUCTION
Quantum coherence p1003
Karen Southwell
doi:10.1038/4531003a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwb0ER
PROGRESS ARTICLE
Quantifying entanglement in macroscopic systems pp1004-1007
Vlatko Vedral
doi:10.1038/nature07124
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwc0ES
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwd0ET
REVIEW ARTICLE
Entangled states of trapped atomic ions pp1008-1015
Rainer Blatt and David Wineland
doi:10.1038/nature07125
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwe0EU
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwf0EV
Quantum coherence and entanglement with ultracold atoms in optical lattices pp1016-1022
Immanuel Bloch
doi:10.1038/nature07126
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwg0EW
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwh0EX
The quantum internet pp1023-1030
H. J. Kimble
doi:10.1038/nature07127
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwi0EY
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwj0EZ
Superconducting quantum bits pp1031-1042
John Clarke and Frank K. Wilhelm
doi:10.1038/nature07128
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwk0Ea
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwl0Eb
Coherent manipulation of single spins in semiconductors pp1043-1049
Ronald Hanson and David D. Awschalom
doi:10.1038/nature07129
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwm0Ec
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwn0Ed
----------------------
REVIEW
----------------------
Induction and effector functions of TH17 cells pp1051-1057
Estelle Bettelli, Thomas Korn, Mohamed Oukka and Vijay K. Kuchroo
doi:10.1038/nature07036
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwo0Ee
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwp0Ef
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Micro-engineered local field control for high-sensitivity
multispectral MRI pp1058-1063
A family of magnetic microstructures that should enable similar
multiplexing capabilities in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of
biological samples have been developed. It is shown that careful
control of the geometry of these magnetic particles yields well-defined
spectral signatures in the radio frequency spectrum used for MRI,
effectively giving them characteristic 'colours' that can be readily
distinguished from one another.
Gary Zabow, Stephen Dodd, John Moreland and Alan Koretsky
doi:10.1038/nature07048
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwq0Eg
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwr0Eh
The amphioxus genome and the evolution of the chordate karyotype pp1064-1071
Nicholas H. Putnam et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06967
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxws0Ei
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwt0Ej
PML targeting eradicates quiescent leukaemia-initiating cells p1072
The PML tumour suppressor gene is involved in the development of some
forms of leukaemia. New research has identified a role for PML in the
quiescence and maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells and of
leukaemia initiating cells. PML can be targeted by arsenic trioxide
and was shown to eliminate leukaemia initiating cells, supporting its
use as an anti leukemia therapy.
Keisuke Ito et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07016
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwu0Ek
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwv0El
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Surprising dissimilarities in a newly formed pair of 'identical twin'
stars pp1079-1082
Two stars born at the same time, from the same natal material, and
with the same mass are 'identical twins', and as such might be
expected to possess identical physical attributes. But this paper
reports that a pair of twin stars have surface temperatures that
differ by ~300 K and luminosities that differ by ~50 per cent. These
surprising dissimilarities suggest that one of the twins may have been
delayed by several hundred thousand years in its formation relative to
its sibling.
Keivan G. Stassun et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07069
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxww0Em
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwx0En
Jovian-like aurorae on Saturn pp1083-1085
Planetary aurorae are formed by energetic charged particles streaming
along the planet's magnetic field lines into the upper atmosphere from
the surrounding space environment. At Saturn only the main auroral
oval has been observed, but this paper reports the discovery of a
secondary oval, ~25 per cent as bright as the main oval.
Tom Stallard et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07077
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwy0Eo
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxwz0Ep
Nanoscale holographic interferometry for strain measurements in
electronic devices pp1086-1089
Placing silicon under strain can enhance the ease with which the
charge carriers move through the semiconductor, so strain is now
engineered into the latest silicon devices. A new approach that
incorporates two well known techniques, moiré interferometry and
electron holography, to yield a method that combines high spatial
resolution and precision with a large field of view has been
developed, thus overcoming almost all of the limitations of existing
techniques for strain measurement.
Martin Hytch, Florent Houdellier, Florian Hue and Etienne Snoeck
doi:10.1038/nature07049
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxw10Ec
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxw20Ed
Improved estimates of upper-ocean warming and multi-decadal sea-level
rise pp1090-1093
This paper reports improved estimates of near global ocean heat
content and thermal expansion for the upper ocean from 1950–2003,
applying corrections to reduce systematic biases in the most common
ocean temperature observations. The ocean warming and thermal
expansion trends for 1961–2003 are about 50 per cent larger than
earlier estimates but about 40 per cent smaller for 1993–2003,
consistent with the recognition that previously estimated rates for
the 1990s were biased by instrumental errors.
Catia M. Domingues et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07080
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxw30Ee
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxw40Ef
Cytokinin and auxin interaction in root stem-cell specification during
early embryogenesis p1094
Plant stem cell pools are established during embryogenesis. Auxin is
required for root stem specification, whereas the role of cytokinin
remains unclear. This study demonstrates that cytokinin is expressed
during early embryogenesis and that an interplay between auxin and
cytokinin signalling pathways is critical for specifying the first
root stem cell niche.
Bruno Müller & Jen Sheen
doi:10.1038/nature06943
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxw50Eg
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxw60Eh
Cortical control of a prosthetic arm for self-feeding p1098
A system where monkeys use their motor cortical activity to control a
robotic arm in a real time self feeding task, showing a significantly
greater sophisitication of control than in previous studies, is
demonstrated. This work could be important for the development of more
practical neuro prosthetic devices in the future.
Meel Velliste, Sagi Perel, M. Chance Spalding, Andrew S. Whitford
& Andrew B. Schwartz
doi:10.1038/nature06996
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxw70Ei
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxw80Ej
Neural substrates of vocalization feedback monitoring in primate
auditory cortex p1102
Vocal communication requires both hearing external stimuli, and
keeping track of one's own vocalizations during speech. In several
species, including humans, auditory neurons are suppressed during
vocalization, but the function of this was unclear. In marmosets,
neurons in primary auditory cortex are more sensitive to perturbations
in vocal feedback despite the general suppression, a possible
mechanism for active monitoring of self generated sounds.
Steven J. Eliades & Xiaoqin Wang
doi:10.1038/nature06910
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxA0Et
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxB0Eu
RNA toxicity is a component of ataxin-3 degeneration in Drosophila p1107
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a class of dominantly inherited
neurodegenerative disorders caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat
encoding glutamine within the coding region of the respective genes.
PolyQ has been thought to cause neurodegeneration due to protein
toxicity. In contrast, pathogenesis in other repeat diseases, such as
myotonic dystrophy, is thought to result from the expression of toxic
RNA repeats. Here evidence is provided that pathogenesis caused by
ataxin 3, which contains CAG repeats, also involves an RNA mediated
component.
Ling-Bo Li, Zhenming Yu, Xiuyin Teng & Nancy M. Bonini
doi:10.1038/nature06909
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxC0Ev
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxD0Ew
Synergistic response to oncogenic mutations defines gene class
critical to cancer phenotype p1112
A new study identifies a list of genes synergistically regulated by
the Ras oncogene and loss of the p53 tumour suppressor gene. A high
proportion of these genes are essential for tumour formation in vivo,
whereas only very few of the genes regulated by only either Ras or p53
are important. This establishes a new approach to finding genes
important in tumourigenesis that may also represent novel targets for
tumour therapy.
Helene R. McMurray et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06973
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxE0Ex
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxF0Ey
Deficiency in catechol-O-methyltransferase and 2-methoxyoestradiol is
associated with pre-eclampsia p1117
It is shown that mice lacking the enzyme catechol O methyltransferase
(COMT) develop a pre-eclampsia like syndrome which can be ameliorated
by 2 methoxyestradiol (2 ME), which is produced by COMT. Although this
mouse model doesn't completely recapitulate pre-eclampsia seen in
women, it is found that the levels of COMT and 2 ME are diminished in
women with pre-eclampsia, and 2 ME might therefore be of therapeutic
value.
Keizo Kanasaki et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06951
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxG0Ez
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxH0E1
Crucial role for the Nalp3 inflammasome in the immunostimulatory
properties of aluminium adjuvants p1122
The mechanism by which the widely used vaccine adjuvant alum acts on
the immune system has been unclear to date. This paper shows that
alum-mediated stimulation of the adaptive immune response requires
activation of the Nalp3 inflammasome in antigen presenting cells.
Stephanie C. Eisenbarth, Oscar R. Colegio, William O'Connor,
Fayyaz S. Sutterwala & Richard A. Flavell
doi:10.1038/nature06939
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxI0E2
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxJ0E3
Haem homeostasis is regulated by the conserved and concerted functions
of HRG-1 proteins p1127
Caenorhabditis elegans (which haeme auxotrophs), are used to identify
the proteins involved in haeme homeostasis. It is shown that the
proteins of HRG-1 and its paralogue HRG-4 are essential for haeme
homeostasis, as they are novel transmembrane proteins residing in an
intracellular department. Transient knockdown of hrg-1 in zebrafish
led to hydrocephalus, yolk tube abnormalities, and defects in
erythropoesis. The human and worm HRG proteins co localize, and bind
and transport haeme, showing there is evolutionary conservation of its
function.
Abbhirami Rajagopal et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06934
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxK0E4
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxL0E5
Midzone activation of aurora B in anaphase produces an intracellular
phosphorylation gradient p1132
Aurora B is a kinase important for mitosis, and is shown to generate a
spatial gradient of phosphorylated substrates in anaphase with the
highest concentration at the spindle midzone. Generation of this
gradient involves a microtubule dependent mechanism of aurora B
activation. The gradient is proposed to provide important spatial
information during mitosis.
Brian G. Fuller et al.
doi:10.1038/nature06923
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxM0E6
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxN0E7
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Prospect
Prospects p1137
Navigating the grey areas of industry-academia interactions.
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7198-1137a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxO0E8
Special Reports
Taking the industry road p1138
Robin Mejia reports on the perils and opportunities of doing
scientific work that is funded by private companies.
Robin Mejia
doi:10.1038/nj7198-1138a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxP0EA
Correction p1139
doi:10.1038/nj7198-1139a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxQ0EB
Career View
Neil Turok, executive director, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical
Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada p1140
Noted physicist Neil Turok heads to Canada.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7198-1140a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxR0EC
The hunt for new US drug regulators p1140
FDA initiates major hiring wave.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7198-1140b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxS0ED
I'm an alien p1140
Finding refuge in my science.
Jon Yearsley
doi:10.1038/nj7198-1140c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxT0EE
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Travel by numbers p1142
A step-by-step guide.
Gareth D. Jones
doi:10.1038/4531142a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxU0EF
----------------------
ADVANCE ONLINE PUBLICATION
----------------------
18 June 2008
Articles
Crystal structure of the ligand-free G-protein-coupled receptor opsin
Jung Hee Park, Patrick Scheerer, Klaus Peter Hofmann, Hui-Woog Choe
& Oliver Peter Ernst
doi:10.1038/nature07063
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxV0EG
A new class of homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals
Amy L. Schaefer et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07088
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxW0EH
Letters
The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in the pursuit of happiness and
more specific rewards
Kathryn A. Burke, Theresa M. Franz, Danielle N. Miller
& Geoffrey Schoenbaum
doi:10.1038/nature06993
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxX0EI
Control of segment number in vertebrate embryos
Céline Gomez, Ertug breverul M. Özbudak, Joshua Wunderlich,
Diana Baumann, Julian Lewis & Olivier Pourquié
doi:10.1038/nature07020
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxY0EJ
A unifying framework for dinitrogen fixation in the terrestrial
biosphere
Benjamin Z. Houlton, Ying-Ping Wang, Peter M. Vitousek
& Christopher B. Field
doi:10.1038/nature07028
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0BxxZ0EK
Assembly reflects evolution of protein complexes
Emmanuel D. Levy, Elisabetta Boeri Erba, Carol V. Robinson
& Sarah A. Teichmann
doi:10.1038/nature06942
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxxa0ER
15 June 2008
Letters
Imbalance between pSmad3 and Notch induces CDK inhibitors in old
muscle stem cells
Morgan E. Carlson, Michael Hsu & Irina M. Conboy
doi:10.1038/nature07034
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxxb0ES
Positive feedback sharpens the anaphase switch
Liam J. Holt, Andrew N. Krutchinsky & David O. Morgan
doi:10.1038/nature07050
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxxc0ET
Environmental determinants of extinction selectivity in the fossil
record
Shanan E. Peters
doi:10.1038/nature07032
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB0Bxxd0EU
=====================================================================
Nature Insight Quantum Coherence
Quantum physics has come a long way since its theoretical inception
in the early 20th century. Increasingly sophisticated techniques to
manipulate light and matter not only facilitate fundamental studies
of quantum effects, but also inspire new technologies. This Insight
surveys experiments aimed at developing new quantum applications, as
well as highlighting the evolving theoretical tools required to keep
pace with these endeavours.
Read the Insight in the 19th June issue of Nature or access it online.
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/elhY0Xztnp0HjB04uA0Ec
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