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DEAR MEMBERS,
My daughter who is 18 years old has had Japanese Encephalitis 9 year
ago when she was 9. Her brain cells were damaged and consequently
she is paralyzed since then. She can not talk and her limbs are also
paralyzed. She understands everything very well and somehow responds
to our questions. Her memory, sight and hearing are ok. If you want
to know more detail, please let me have your questions.
I am very serious to get her treated by stem cell therapy and want
to take her to any part of the world as early as possible but since
I live in Pakistan I would prefer a neighboring country. I dont know
whether there is any adverse effect of stem cell therapy or not but
during my investigation and discussions with some people I was
informed about the thee major risk factors:
1) Due to any negligence there are chances of contacting aids if
stem cells are obtained from a wrong source.
2) Some after effects cannot be ruled out which could be manifested
even years after the therapy which can cause any of the serious CNS
diseases.
3) I also fear that if I get this procedure done now then will it be
possible to have the same treatment again if needed or it could be
conducted only once. If it could be done only once then it will not
be possible to avail the benefit of advancements which are expected
in the coming days because people told me that at present the
chances of success are not so bright and the extent to which the
improvement is achieved cannot be ascertained. I am not sure if it
is true or only an assumption.
However, since she is in a terrible condition I am ready to take the
risk if the chances of improvement are bright.
It will be immensely useful to me if you will kindly guide me by
giving your opinion in this respect and let me know whether it will
be a good decision for me to get her treated by stem cell therapy
and what do you think would be the chances of success. Also let me
know if you know some good places where I can take her and the
expenses involved.
I will be extremely grateful if anyone can guide me in this respect.
Best regards
Mohammad Iqbal
10-Noorani Centre,
543-Adamjee Dawood Road,
Karachi-74000, Pakistan.
Phone: 92-333-3375410
Fax : (92-21) 2416365
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News, information and commentary on public policy and business issues involving California's new stem cell agency, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, created by Prop. 71. This Web page is published by David Jensen, whose background and email contact can be found on this page under oddly titled section, "About Me."
A snappy new blog on stem cell issues has popped up at Stanford University, complete with a reading list and podcasts.
"Taking a cue from Homeland Security, we?ll periodically publish a color-coded ranking of American states and their legislative positions on embryonic stem cell research."You can also download the state rankings in a PDF file.
Labels: media coverage, stem cell blogs
posted by California Stem Cell Report at 6:32 PM
The California Stem Cell Report is the only website devoted solely to the California stem cell agency, other than the official government site. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, as the agency is known, is the largest single source -- $3 billion -- of embryonic stem cell research funding in the world. This Web site is published by David Jensen. He was a political reporter for UPI in California's capital and worked for 22 years for The Sacramento Bee in a variety of editing positions, including executive business editor. He was the primary editor on the 1992 Pulitzer Prize-winning series, "The Monkey Wars" by Deborah Blum, which explored opposition and support for experimentation on primates. Jensen served as a press aide in the 1974 election campaign and administration of former Gov. Jerry Brown. (Total time served: Two years and one week.) More recently he published a blog on the 2003 California recall election that was cited by the Washington Post for its "cutting analysis." He writes this blog as travels in California (by land) and in Mexico (by sailboat). He can be reached by clicking on the email button under "view my complete profile" below.
Media Advisory
There is an upcoming opportunity to hear Dr. Keirstead speak - August 26 at the Robert and Margrit Mondavi Center, UC Davis. Visit
http://researchforcDon Reed
www.stemcellbattles
# 353 Friday, July 27, 2007 - WHICH WAY, MISSOURI?
Don Reed
www.stemcellbattles
The great state of Missouri has been robbed of eight hundred and fifty million dollars.
Who are the thieves? That's up to you to decide.
By my way of thinking, the Republican Party and the Religious Right should divide the guilt.
Stem Cell Research Robbery in Missouri?
The great state of Missouri has been robbed of eight hundred and fifty million dollars.
Who are the thieves? That's up to you to decide.
By my way of thinking, the Republican Party and the Religious Right should divide the guilt. Their political games denied Missouri eight hundred and fifty million dollars, which should have gone to that state's economyand to medical research, the fight against incurable disease.
First, let us judge the magnitude of what was lost.
$850,000,000.
How significant is that? Yesterday, another state, New Jersey began a battle to raise $450 million (over ten years) for stem cell research. Governor Jon S. Corzine signed legislation to allow New Jersey voters to make the decisionwhether or not to spend $450 millionroughly half the amount of money that was lost to Missouri...
And golden California, our glorious Proposition 71, three hundred million a yearand Missouri could have had $850 million? That's almost like three extra years of full funding from the number one source in the world.
Jim and Virginia Stowers had planned an enormous expansion of their medical research institute in Missouri, but only if full stem cell research would be allowed.
The way I see it, the Stowers are heroes. These two cancer survivors have dedicated their fortunethe hard work of their lives-- to the battle against chronic illness.
Their motivation? "We founded the Institute so our grandchildren may have better options..."Jim and Virginia Stowers.
But anti-science Republicans attacked the research at every step. They were trying to criminalize the science which may one day allow my paralyzed son Roman to fulfill Christopher Reeve's great prediction, to "stand up from (his) wheelchair, and walk away from it forever."
The state of Missouri took notice. Citizens came together in the Missouri Coalition for Lifesaving Cures, and fought for a Constitutional Amendment.
Amendment 2 was offered, saying: "to ensure that Missouri patients have access to stem cell therapies and cures, that Missouri researchers can conduct stem cell research in the state, and that all such research is conducted safely and ethically, any stem cell research permitted under federal law may be conducted in Missouri, and any stem cell therapies and cures permitted under federal law may be provided to patients in Missouri..."
A huge battle was fought.
The Stowers helped provide a budget. Some trash was talked about them for this, implying they were trying to make a dollar by backing the research. That was dumb, even by the standards of the oppositionthe Stowers are billionaires already, they do not need more moneythey are actively engaged in giving it away.
Of course, the Religious Right and anti-abortion groups went to work, developing and distributing the most poisonous propaganda imaginable. (I have never understood why anti-abortion groups oppose embryonic stem cell research, since there is no pregnancy involved, and therefore no possibility of either a child or an abortion). Conservative churches ignored the Constitutional separation of church and state, and functioned as headquarters for the anti-research efforts. Week after week, lawn signs were passed out in church, and church bulletins and lectures ranted on and on and on.
President George Bush visited Missouri so often it might have been thought he was changing residence.
But Missouri won anyway, passing Amendment 2.
As The Jurist (University of Pittsburgh School of Law) put it:
"What right is more fundamental than a citizen's right to equal treatment under laws that govern access to medical therapies and cures? On November 7, Missourians stated clearly that they do not want to be second-class citizens when it comes to decisions about the health of their families. By passing Amendment 2, Missouri voters ensured that these important decisions will be made by patients, their families, and their health care providers, not by politicians in the state capital."November 13, 2006
The Stowers Institute could go forward. Happy ending, right?
Unfortunately.
Religious Right Republicans like Senator Matt Bartle and Representative Jim Lembke are now trying to overturn Amendment 2, trying to block the will of the Show Me state. They tried to work within the State government to get a bill to overthrow the Amendment. When that didn't succeed, they supported an initiative to do the same.
But I am an outsider, what do I know about Missouri?
Good point. So let's listen to a couple Missourians.
Like Henry J. Waters III, publisher of the Columbia Daily Tribune.
"Except for the perverse attitude of Missouri Right to Life, the Catholic Conference and their lapdogs in the Missouri General Assembly, life sciences research and development could be one of the largest and most promising industries in our state...
"...cultural conservatives.
"Amid this poisonous atmosphere, the highly prestigious Stowers Institute for Medical Research... announced it will put on hold resources to fund a major expansion...
The Kansas City Star weighed in.
"Missouri politicians like to talk about the state's promise as a bioscience hub... But those same politicians are undermining efforts to advance medical research by pandering to groups opposed to embryonic stem-cell research...
"The passage of Amendment 2, which protects all forms of medical research allowable under federal law, should have removed the barriers to scientific progress. But too many lawmakers continue to cower before groups such as Missouri Right to Life.
"These lawmakers delude themselves by thinking life science can flourish here if the climate remains hostile to promising forms of stem cell research."May 22, 2007, the Kansas City Star.
How do scientists feel about it?
"I couldn't possibly come to a place where I thought the potentially lifesaving research I want to do could become illegal," said Dr. Kevin Eggan.""Stem Cell Movement Faces Setbacks", Andale Gross, AP, July 24, 2007
What is the situation right now?
A press release from the Stowers Institute for Medical Research states:
"...the Institute has transferred approximately $850 million... from Missouri non-profit corporations.
Is there a chance the money can come back, and Missouri take its rightful place among the great research centers of the world?
"We remain steadfastly committed to the search for life-saving cure through research with human embryonic stem cells," said Bill Neaves, President and CEO of the Stowers Institute...
So the Stowers pulled their money out.
However... they also bought 100 acres of land in Kansas City, Missourigetting ready for the day, whenever it comes, when the politicians get out of the way.
The way I see it, the Stowers have faith in us. We should not let them down.
So what do we do?
I can tell you in two words.
We fight.
Yesterday, I gave away twenty-five dollars.
That's two ten dollar bills and a five, twelve double cheeseburgers from McDonald's, or six bridge tolls and a dollar, from an old retired schoolteacher.
I plan to do it again, next month, when I can afford it again.
That particular $25 went to www.Kay4Congress.
The way I see it, people like Ms. Barnes are going to help right a terrible wrong that was done to America. Her opponent is against the research we support. SoI will do what little bit I can to help her, and every stem cell research supportive leader, from whichever party they may come.
We are all Missourians. What happens in the Show Me state affects everyone. We can and should take part in that great struggle, supporting leaders like Kay Barnes, and Senator Claire McCaskill, and Senator Chuck Graham, and Representative Teresa Schooleystem cell research supporters all, working together for the public good.
Which way, Missouri?
Forward.
P.S. A personal message from Donn Rubin, who led Missouri's Amendment 2 effort:
"With Missouri's world class medical research institutions and its growing life sciences industry, last fall's vote demonstrated that our citizens want our state to be at the forefront of advancing medicine and finding new cures. It is disappointing that there remain some politicians and interest groups, in Missouri and around the country that would prefer to go backwards. These are the same people who used every deception in the book last year in their unsuccessful attempt to defeat the Missouri Stem Cell Amendment. But they will fail, and I am confident we will soon get past this unfortunate, divisive chapter that has threatened to slow medical progress."
Don C. Reed
www.stemcellbattles
Tags: stem cells, Missouri, Jim Stowers, Virginia Stowers, coalition, veto, stem cell research, Democrats, Republicans, Amendment 2, Proposition 71, California, Claire McCaskill (D-Sen-MO) (all tags)

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qPCR NEWSLETTER - July 2007
If this newsletter is not displayed correctly by your email client,
please use following LINK:
http://www.gene-
Dear researcher,
dear Gene Quantification page reader,
Our newsletter informs about the latest news in quantitative real-time
PCR (qPCR and qRT-PCR), which are compiled and summarised on the Gene
Quantification homepage. The focus of this newsletter issue is:
- A lot new publications around the normalisation procedure appeared
during the last years:
- Normalisation - Reference Genes - Housekeeping Genes
- Update of our Gene Quantification Page Directory
- Update of the qPCR Webinar page
- qPCR application workshops in autumn in Germany
- qPCR Symposium USA in October/November 2007
------------
Normalisation - Reference Genes - Housekeeping Genes
page 1 - http://www.gene-
page 2 - http://www.gene-
page 3 - http://www.gene-
Data normalisation in real-time RT-PCR is a further major step in gene
quantification analysis (Bustin 2002, Pfaffl 2001). The reliability of
any relative RT-PCR experiment can be improved by including an
invariant endogenous control (reference gene) in the assay to correct
for sample to sample variations in RT-PCR efficiency and errors in
sample quantification. A biologically meaningful reporting of target
mRNA copy numbers requires accurate and relevant normalisation to some
standard and is strongly recommended in kinetic RT-PCR. But the
quality of normalized quantitative expression data cannot be better
than the quality of the normalizer itself. Any variation in the
normalizer will obscure real changes and produce artifactual changes
(Bustin 2000). Real-time RT-PCR-specific errors in the quantification
of mRNA transcripts are easily compounded with any variation in the
amount of starting material between the samples, e.g. caused by
sample-to-sample variation, variation in RNA integrity, RT efficiency
differences and cDNA sample loading variation (Stahlberg 2003, 2004a,
2004b). This is especially relevant when the samples have been
obtained from different individuals, different tissues and different
time courses, and will result in the misinterpretation of the derived
expression profile of the target genes. Therefore, normalisation of
target gene expression levels must be performed to compensate intra-
and inter-kinetic RT-PCR variations (sample-to-sample and run-to-run
variations) (Pfaffl & Hageleit 2001).
Data normalisation can be carried out against an endogenous
unregulated reference gene transcript or against total cellular DNA or
RNA content (molecules/g total DNA/RNA and concentrations/
DNA/RNA). Normalisation according the total cellular RNA content is
increasingly used, but little is known about the total RNA content of
cells or even about the mRNA concentrations. The content per cell or
per gram tissue may vary in different tissues in vivo, in cell culture
(in vitro), between individuals and under different experimental
conditions. Nevertheless, it has been shown that normalisation to
total cellular RNA is the least unreliable method (Bustin 2000 Bustin
2002). It requires an accurate quantification of the isolated total
RNA or mRNA fraction by optical density at 260 nm, Agilent Bioanalyser
2100, or Ribogreen RNA Quantification Kit. Alternatively the rRNA
content has been proposed as an optimal and stable basis for
normalisation, despite reservations concerning its expression levels,
transcription by a different RNA polymerase and possible imbalances in
rRNA and mRNA fractions between different samples (=> RNA and RT ).
To normalize the absolute quantification according to a single
reference gene, a second set of kinetic PCR reactions has to be
performed for the invariant endogenous control on all experimental
samples and the relative abundance values are calculated for internal
control as well as for the target gene. For each target gene sample,
the relative abundance value obtained is divided by the value derived
from the control sequence in the corresponding target gene. The
normalized values for different samples can then directly be compared
(Pfaffl 2001 and => relative expression).
------------
A lot new publications around the normalisation procedure appeared
during the last years => please have a look!
Normalization in real-time PCR - page 3 -
http://www.gene-
Development of a new set of reference genes for normalization of
real-time RT-PCR data of porcine backfat and longissimus dorsi muscle,
and evaluation with PPARGC1A.
Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in bovine
preimplantation embryos.
Generic normalization method for real-time PCR Application for the
analysis of the mannanase gene expressed in germinating tomato seed.
Simultaneous control of DNA and RNA processing efficiency using a
nucleic acid calibration set.
Universal reference method for real-time PCR gene expression analysis
of preimplantation embryos.
Development and evaluation of canine reference genes for accurate
quantifi
Genome-Wide Identification and Testing of Superior Reference Genes for
Transcript Normalization in Arabidopsis.
Normalizing genes for quantitative RT-PCR in differentiating human
intestinal epithelial cells and adenocarcinomas of the colon.
Statistical Selection of Maintenance Genes for Normalization of Gene
Expressions.
Evaluation of Reference Genes for Studies of Gene Expression in Human
Adipose Tissue.
Validation of rat reference genes for improved quantitative gene
expression analysis using low density arrays.
A Relevant Reference Gene and Normalization for mRNA Real-Time PCR
Quantification in Specimens with Distinct Cell Types and Variant
Integrity.
Quantification of cDNA generated by reverse transcription of total RNA
provides a simple alternative tool for quantitative RT-PCR normalization.
Error propagation in relative real-time reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction quantifi
accuracy and precision.
Selection of reference genes in mouse embryos and in differentiating
human and mouse ES cells.
Sex-dependent expression of seven housekeeping genes in rat liver.
QuantitativeMulti-
Selection of reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR studies in
striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) skin biopsies.
Genomic DNA standards for gene expression profling in Mycobacterium
tuberculosis.
Housekeeping gene selection for real-time RT-PCR normalization in
potato during biotic and abiotic stress.
Normalization in real-time PCR - page 3 -
http://www.gene-
------------
TALKS Update of the qPCR Talk and Webinar page
A lot of interesting TALKs, WEBINARs, SLIDE SHOWs, and PODCASTs from
various speakers, biotec companies, qPCR Events, and international
journals (Nature and Science) are FREE for download. Have a look and
you will definitely something interesting for your scientific work !
http://talks.
http://webinar.
------------
INFOPORTAL Protocols on qPCR INFOPORTAL
http://infoportal.
Protocols online is a resource for protocols, including authoritative,
peer-reviewed 'protocols and an interactive network.
NEW => qPCR and Molecular Biology - Discussion Forums
------------
Upcoming Events World-wide academic and commercial qPCR Events
http://events.
Symposia, Meetings, Conferences, Workshops, Seminars, Online-Seminars,
qPCR Education Program, ...etc...
Please submit your qPCR event here => events@gene-
------------
qPCR Symposium USA
http://www.qPCRsymp
Symposium Focus:
Markers, Stem Cells, Single Cell, siRNA, miRNA, Diagnostics,
Immuno-qPCR, Expression Profiling,
Poster Presentation, Workshops in qPCR
------------
WORKSHOP
Opening Opening of TATAA Biocenter, Prague =>
http://www.img.
Real time open qPCR course from 21th - 25th May 2007 => download flyer
TATAA Biocenter Germany - qPCR Application workshops
At the TATAA Biocenter Germany we offer qPCR application workshops,
the 3-day Core Module and a 2-day Biostatistics Module. qPCR courses
are held in regularly in Göteborg, Sweden, in English and in
Freising-Weihenstep
Czech Republic in English and Czech.
Depending on the occasion the workshop language and the different
prices may apply. Further customized workshops and specialized
trainings will be held as well across Europe and world-wide. TATAA
Biocenter Germany courses are held in cooperation with the Institute
of Physiology, located at the Technical University of Munich, in
Freising-Weihenstep
(MUC). For more information and to register for the qPCR application
workshops, please see our web page:
http://tataa.
Course Occasions 2007:
3-day qPCR Core Module (Mon. - Wed.) and 2-day BioStatistics
Module (Thu. - Fri.)
24 - 28th September 2007 (in Freising, Germany, Kurs wird in DEUTSCH
gehalten, German language)
22 - 26th October 2007 (in Freising, Germany, English language)
26 - 30th November 2007 (in Freising, Germany, English language)
Please register here => http://www.tataa.
------------
Forward Please send the qPCR NEWS to further scientists and friends
who are interested in qPCR !
Best regards,
Michael W. Pfaffl
responsible Editor of the Gene Quantification Pages
http://www.gene-
------------
If this newsletter is not displayed correctly by your email client,
please use following LINK
The qPCR NEWS and the Gene Quantification Pages are educational sites
with the only purpose of facilitating access to qPCR related
information on the internet. The qPCR NEWS and the Gene
Quantification Pages are edited by Michael W. Pfaffl and powered by
BioScience Events. Copyright © 2005 - 2007 All rights reserved. Any
unauthorized use, reproduction, or transfer of this message or its
contents, in any medium, is strictly prohibited. Disclaimer &
Copyrights are displayed on the homepage www.gene-quantifica
To subscribe or change your e-mail address in qPCR NEWS, and if you
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Stem Cells Online Stem Cells Express Alert
| Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Transwell Cultures: Generation of Scaffold-free Cartilage http://stemcells.alphamedpress.org/cgi/content/abstract/2007-0374v1 |
| CD45-positive Blood Cells Give Rise to Uterine Epithelial Cells in Mice http://stemcells.alphamedpress.org/cgi/content/abstract/2007-0301v1 |
| Mesenchymal Stem Cells: their Phenotype, Differentiation Capacity, Immunological Features and Potential for Homing http://stemcells.alphamedpress.org/cgi/content/abstract/2007-0197v1 |
| Transcriptional Profiling Of Bipotential Embryonic Liver Cells To Identify Liver Progenitor Cell Surface Markers http://stemcells.alphamedpress.org/cgi/content/abstract/2007-0101v2 |
| The Potential of Stem Cells for Auditory Neuron Generation and Replacement http://stemcells.alphamedpress.org/cgi/content/abstract/2007-0393v1 |
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1 Not CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 for Myocardial Migration and Engraftment
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Stem cells 'to boost' risky egg trade
Anna Salleh
ABC Science Online
Thursday, 5 July 2007
Poor women are already selling their eggs to pay the rent, new
research shows. Now the added demand for eggs for stem cell research
may place extra pressure on them (Image: iStockphoto)
Demand for eggs for stem cell research will put vulnerable women at
increased pressure to sell their ova to unscrupulous dealers, says an
Australian researcher.
This may not be such an issue for well regulated countries like
Australia, says Associate Professor Catherine Waldby of the
University of Sydney.
But she says it is more likely to affect women in poorly regulated
countries, who already supply eggs to rich nations for IVF programs,
and whose health can suffer as a result.
"There have been various serious medical problems develop in women
involved in selling eggs," says Waldby.
Her findings will be published in the journal New Genetics and
Society.
Waldby, a sociologist of life sciences, says she is concerned about
the effect of stem cell research on an already stretched global
supply of women's eggs.
She is concerned about the implication of obtaining eggs for
therapeutic cloning, which are already in short supply because of the
popularity of IVF.
Therapeutic cloning involves removing the nucleus from an egg and
replacing it with one from a non-reproductive cell, of a patient for
example, to produce an embryo for stem cell research.
She says in countries like Australia, where women are not permitted
to sell their eggs on the open market, the onerous nature of
procuring eggs means that donation is rare and demand is outstripping
supply.
Egg brokers
Waldby says growth in IVF together with cheap air travel have led to
the development of clinics that trade eggs beyond the borders of
national regulation, often selling eggs from poor nations to rich
ones.
"They actually function as brokers between people in countries where
they can't get ova and where it's very regulated, and countries where
it's not," she says.
Waldby says in recent years there has been trafficking of ova from
women in Eastern Europe.
One Romanian clinic has bought eggs from really poor women, she says.
"The clinic was paying them about US$200 a procedure, which is about
two months' salary for these women."
The supply of eggs to create human embryonic stem cells, like this,
is concerning some researchers (Image: M William Lensch, Harvard
Medical School)
One study found some women were repeatedly selling their eggs to pay
for rent, clothes and even cigarettes, says Waldby.
In 2004, UK authorities banned the purchase of eggs from the clinic.
There were concerns the clinic was not telling women about the risks
involved, or looking after them when things went wrong, Waldby says.
Removing eggs involves multiple hormone injections and a surgical
procedure.
Some of the Romanian women developed ovarian hyperstimulation
syndrome, which involves painful abdominal inflammation, possible
renal failure, infertility and cardiovascular problems, says Waldby.
She says there are a lot of countries where this could be a problem.
"Both China and India have large, impoverished populations, extensive
networks of fertility clinics and burgeoning stem cell industries,
setting the scene for exploitative forms of oocyte procurement.
Unlike Australia and the UK, the US allows women to sell their eggs
on the open market. Women with desirable characteristics can get up
to U$100,000 per cycle from IVF clinics for their eggs, says Waldby.
But eggs for research don't command such high premiums because they
depend less on characteristics, she says.
She says at least one US company has been set up specifically to
procure eggs for the biotechnology industry, paying women around
US$4000 per "donation".
This is despite a US National Academy of Sciences recommendation
against the use of purchased eggs for research.
Waldby says there should be international laws that prohibit
scientists from using any cell lines derived from eggs procured in
the absence of ethical guidelines and oversight.
Scientific response
Australian stem cell researcher Professor Bernie Tuch, of the Prince
of Wales Hospital in Sydney, says donating eggs is difficult and
risky and it would be a pity if Waldby's predictions were right.
But he emphasises Australian law prevents trading in human eggs.
"[Waldby's concerns are] of no direct relevance to Australia," he
says.
He also says National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines
require imported embryonic stem cell lines to be developed under the
same conditions that apply in Australia.
http://abc.net.
Source: Jennifer O'Brien
jobrien@pubaff.
415-476-2557
05 July 2007
UCSF's Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
Insight into neural stem cells has implications for designing
therapies
Scientists have discovered that adult neural stem cells, which exist
in the brain throughout life, are not a single, homogeneous group.
Instead, they are a diverse group of cells, each capable of giving
rise to specific types of neurons. The finding, the team says,
significantly shifts the perspective on how these cells could be used
to develop cell-based brain therapies.
The results of their study are reported online in "Science Express"
today, July 5, and will be published in an upcoming issue
of "Science."
Adult neural stem cells give rise to the three major types of brain
cells astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons. Their role in
producing neurons is of particular interest to scientists because
neurons orchestrate brain functions -- thought, feeling and movement.
If scientists could figure out how to create specific types of new
neurons, they potentially could use them to replace damaged cells,
such as the dopamine-producing neurons destroyed in Parkinson's
disease.
In recent years, scientists have determined that adult neural stem
cells are located primarily in two regions of the brain -- the lining
of the brain's fluid-filled cavity, known as the subventricular zone,
and a horseshoe shaped area known as the hippocampus. The laboratory
of the senior author of the current study, UCSF's Arturo Alvarez-
Buylla identified the stem cells in the subventricular zone in 1999
("Cell", June 11, 1999).
While scientists have known that neural stem cells in the developing
brain produce particular types of neurons based on where the stem
cells are located in the embryo, studies carried out in cell culture
have suggested that adult neural stem cells of the fully formed brain
can give rise to many types of brain cells.
In the current study, conducted in mice, the team set out to explore
whether neural stem cells in different locations of the
subventricular zone are all the same. They did so using a method they
developed to follow the fate of early neonatal and adult neural stem
cells in 15 different regions of the subventricular zone. These cells
typically produce young neurons that migrate to the olfactory bulb,
where they mature into several distinct types of interneurons,
neurons that are essential for the sense of smell.
To the team's surprise, the adult neural stem cells in the various
regions of the subventricular zone each gave rise to only very
specific subsets of interneurons. Moreover, the stem cells were not
susceptible to being re-specified. When they were taken out of their
niche and transplanted into another region of the subventricular
zone, they continued to produce the same subset of interneurons.
Similarly, they retained their specialized production of distinct
subtypes of neurons when removed from the animals' brains and exposed
to a cocktail of growth factors in a culture dish.
The findings, says the lead author of the study, Florian T. Merkle a
graduate student in the Alvarez-Buylla lab, suggests that while adult
neural stem cells of the subventricular zone can produce the three
major types of brain cells -- astrocytes, neurons and
oligodendrocytes when it comes to neurons they seem to be
specified, or programmed, to produce very specific subtypes.
"The data supporting the finding is remarkably clean and was highly
unexpected," says senior author Alvarez-Buylla, UCSF Heather and
Melanie Muss Professor of Neurological Surgery. "We've been studying
this region of the brain for many years and Florian's data has
produced a different scenario, so we have to readjust now."
"We should abandon the idea that these cells are good for making any
kind of neuron. This is just not going to be the case unless we find
ways to reprogram these cells genetically.
The insight, says Merkle, is a key step toward understanding the
molecular mechanisms of neural stem cell potential. "Now you could
compare adult stem cells in different regions at the genetic level.
Since different neural stem cells make different types of neurons,
maybe you could determine which genes are important for making, say,
dopaminergic cells. In theory you could activate these genes in
embryonic stem cells in the culture dish to try to create the desired
type of neuron".
The Alvarez-Buylla lab has identified neural stem cells in the adult
human brain, but it is not known if these cells are heterogeneous. If
human brains show a similar regionalization of stem cells, it might
also be possible, says Alvarez-Buylla, to harvest them from the
brains of patients, expand their numbers in the culture dish to
obtain a particular neuron type, and transplant them back into
patients.
Notably, the distribution of adult neural stem cells throughout the
subventricular zone raises the possibility, he says, that the cells'
activity is regionally modulated in order to regulate the production
of different types of neurons. "This may provide a mechanism for the
brain to dynamically fine tune the olfactory bulb circuitry, raising
a fascinating basic question about neuronal replacement: Why are so
many different types of neurons, with such diverse origins, required
for olfactory function?"
"The implication for cell-based therapies might be that it isn't
sufficient to replace one neuron," he says. "You might have to
replace combinations of different neuronal types when it comes to
reestablishing neural function."
The finding, he says, has not been without its hints. In 1996, the
lab reported (PNAS, Dec. 1996) what he describes as "an amazing
network of pathways" that collect adult neural stem cells from
throughout the wall of the lateral ventricle of the subventricular
zone.
"It's taken us 10 years," he says, "to figure out that these pathways
reflect the transport of young neurons of different types born in
unique locations."
The study was funded by the National Institute of Neurological
Disorders and Stroke, which is part of the National Institutes of
Health, a fellowship from the National Science Foundation and a gift
from Francis and John Bowes.
UCSF is a leading university that advances health worldwide by
conducting advanced biomedical research, educating graduate students
in the life sciences and health professions, and providing complex
patient care.
Alvarez-Buylla lab:
http://neurosurgery
rez_buylla_lab.
UCSF Institute for Regeneration Medicine: http://irm.ucsf.
http://pub.ucsf.
A New Path to Facial Reconstruction
07/16/07
USC researcher Songtao Shi and his colleagues experiment with stem
cells that can regenerate bone and skin tissue.
By Ben Creighton
Photo/Ben CreightonIf Songtao Shi's latest discovery ever reaches
Southern California clinics, "Oh, she's had a stem cell job," may one
day replace the ubiquitous "She's had work done" as a tabloid
euphemism for the efforts of the well-heeled to turn back the clock.
Shi, a researcher at USC's Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology,
and colleagues at dental schools in Korea and China have discovered
that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of regenerating facial
bone and skin tissue in mouse and swine models.
While there remains much to learn, their work published in the April
2007 issue of the journal Stem Cells points to a future in which MSCs
become a plastic surgeon's weapon of choice for everything from
repairing severe facial disfigurement to removing wrinkles.
"It's very exciting," Shi said. "It is fundamentally different from
current techniques. At this point it is just a concept, but in the
future it may change the way we do plastic surgery."
The research employs MSCs derived from two sources. To construct
orofacial bone tissue, Shi and colleagues utilized MSCs extracted
from human bone marrow and transplanted them into the frontal skull.
After eight weeks, a pronounced expansion of the skull was readily
visible. Tests of this new tissue showed it was healthy and fully
integrated into existing bone.
Even more remarkably, the new bone tissue showed evidence of
homeostasis the process by which red and white blood cells are
created.
"This is very important. This is not an implant. This is an extension
of the body. These cells have the ability to work with and organize
existing cells and tissue," Shi said.
Their second technique relied on MSCs derived from the periodontal
ligament. Introducing these stem cells into the facial wrinkles of a
mouse model, Shi and colleagues found that the periodontal ligament
MSCs eliminated the wrinkles through the production of new collagen
fibers.
Shi hopes to improve his initial results by experimenting with
delivery methods the stem cells have varying degrees of success
based upon the material used to serve as a scaffold. He also hopes to
investigate the potential of autologous stem cells, those derived
from the animal's own tissue, to improve clinical results.
"There are many potential applications for these techniques," Shi
said. "There is still so much that we don't understand fully. It is
clear that we need more studies to explore new therapies and improve
clinical consequences.
http://www.usc.
Effects Of Aging In Stem Cells
Date: July 24, 2007
Science Daily There is little disagreement that the body's
maintenance and repair systems deteriorate with age, even as there is
plenty of disagreement as to why. Stem cells combat the aging process
by replenishing old or damaged cells--particularly in the skin, gut,
and blood--with a fresh supply to maintain and repair tissue.
Aging HSCs exhibit a functional decline (yet an increase in cell
number) and display a heightened stress and inflammatory response
along with signs of epigenetic erosion. (Credit: S. M. Chambers, PLoS
Biology, article authors)Ads by Google Advertise on this site
Unfortunately, new evidence published in the open-access journal PLoS
Biology suggests that this regenerative capacity also declines with
age as stem cells acquire functional defects.
Stuart Chambers, Margaret Goodell, and their colleagues investigated
the molecular mechanisms underlying aging of stem cells by looking at
the gene expression profiles of aging hematopoietic stem cells
(HSCs), the precursors of blood cells. They found that genes involved
in the inflammatory and stress response became more active with age,
while genes important for regulating gene expression and genomic
integrity became less active. These results lend strong support to
the notion that HSCs succumb to the wear and tear of aging, just like
other cells, and shed light on the mechanisms of aging.
To study HSCs' regenerative capacity over time, Chambers et al.
isolated HSCs from young (aged 2 months) and old (aged 21 months)
mice and then transplanted either young or old cells into mice whose
bone marrow cells had been destroyed by radiation. The young and old
HSCs gave rise to new marrow cells at roughly the same pace 4 weeks
after transplantation. But at 8 and 16 weeks after transplantation,
the old HSCs' contributions had dropped considerably, suggesting that
aging HSCs lose their repopulating capacity. Yet, because HSCs
increased in number, overall blood production from HSCs remained
stable.
The finding that genes involved in the inflammatory response are
expressed more (called up-regulation) as HSCs age fits with evidence
linking inflammation and aging in the kidney, brain, and arteries. It
may also help explain why HSCs lose function. One of the up-regulated
genes, P-selectin, encodes a cell surface adhesion molecule. Because
transplanted HSCs depend on cell adhesion to colonize bone marrow
properly, the researchers explain, inappropriate up-regulation of
genes encoding P-selectin may interfere with this process.
The markedly reduced expression (or down-regulation) of genes
involved in chromatin remodeling, an "epigenetic" regulator of gene
expression, suggested that transcriptional activity might be
dysregulated across the genome.
Though the dominant model attributes the physical effects of aging to
an accretion of isolated genetic insults, these results link age-
related decline to global mechanisms operating across the genome. In
the researchers' "epigenetic view of aging," chromatin dysregulation
provides a logical explanation for the numerous and diverse age-
related changes observed at the molecular, cellular, and organismal
levels.
Over the normal course of aging, chromatin dysregulation leads to
dysregulation of many genes, which in turn leads to a loss of normal
cellular functions and a loss of growth regulation. These changes
ultimately increase the risk of cancer, which, in many of its forms,
increases dramatically with age. Future studies can investigate how
epigenetic regulation, inflammation, and the stress response interact
to better understand the molecular mechanisms of aging, and why so
many of us face a high risk of cancer in our later years.
Reference: Chambers SM, Shaw CA, Gatza C, Fisk CJ, Donehower LA, et
al. (2007) Aging hematopoietic stem cells decline in function and
exhibit epigenetic dysregulation. PLoS Biol 5(8): e201.
doi:10.1371/
Note: This story has been adapted from a news release issued by PLoS
Biology
http://www.scienced
Back fractures common after stem cell transplant
Tue Jul 24, 2007 11:42PM BST
By Martha Kerr
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - More than one third of children and
adolescents who undergo allogenic stem cell transplantation have
thinning of their bones, and one in five had crushed vertebrae in
their backs, Finnish researchers report.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is used to treat leukemia and a
variety of other cancerous and non-cancerous conditions. Allogeneic
means that the cells from a closely matched donor are removed and
implanted in the patient. The goal of therapy is typically to replace
diseased cells of the bone marrow with fully functioning cells from
another person.
Dr. Mervi Taskinen of the University of Helsinki and colleagues
evaluated the bone health of 44 children a few years after they
underwent stem cell transplantation. Study subjects were 18.5 years
of age or younger; at the time of transplantation, they were around
10 years old.
Sixteen patients had evidence of bone thinning, the investigators
report in the journal Cancer. These children were similar to the
other 28 patients in terms of clinical characteristic and laboratory
test results.
Bone thinning "was especially evident at the hip" in the pubertal and
postpubertal children, the investigators say.
Nine patients (20 percent) had vertebral fractures and five patients
(11 percent) had other fractures. Seven of the nine vertebral
fractures caused no symptoms.
The investigators conclude that because of the heightened risk of
bone thinning and vertebral fractures, children undergoing stem cell
transplantation should be carefully monitored after the procedure and
possibly given drugs that help strengthen the bones.
SOURCE: Cancer, July 15, 2007.
http://uk.reuters.
It seems like every umbilical cord blood bank claims to be the oldest, best, and largest, but at CorCell, we let our experienced team and history speak for themselves. We are a licensed and accredited private cord blood company who has been dedicated to and deeply rooted in stem cell preservation since 1995. Our recognized stem-cell harvesting procedure is preferred by obstetricians for its safe, simple, uncomplicated method. We provide a specialized medical courier to your hospital room to transport your baby's cord blood to our processing facility, in a time and temperature controlled environment. Finally, your baby's cord blood is stored in a recognized, state-of-the-art, AABB accredited cord blood banking facility that has successfully transplanted a significant number of cord blood units to date. Our roots in umbilical stem cell preservation began when we became the first private cord blood company to be licensed in New Jersey for umbilical cord blood collection. Our highly experienced and diverse team is dedicated to providing you with a cord blood stem cell harvesting and preservation process that is preferred by obstetricians and transplant physicians alike. Or Cell, headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, began as the first private cord blood company licensed for umbilical cord blood collection, and is now a leader in the processing and storage of umbilical cord blood stem cells for families seeking to safeguard their health for the future. CorCell stores umbilical cord blood stem cells in its private laboratory within the internationally known, AABB accredited banking facility, Bergen Community Blood Services, which has transplanted a significant number of cord blood units to date. Founded in 1995, the Philadelphia-based CorCell was anticipated to be a cord blood bank serving the local area including various parts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Over the past several years, however, CorCell has collected umbilical cord blood stem cells from thousands of hospitals in all 50 states and from several other countries, as far away as Australia.
Mailing address
CorCell
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Contact
Matthew L. Schissler
Phone: 888-882-2673
Fax: 888-588-2673
mls@cordpartners.com
Google News Alert for: stem cell, embryonic stem cell, adult stem cell
CellCyte Executives Highlight Plans for Breakthrough Stem Cell ...
PharmaLive.com (press release) - Newtown,PA,USA
We are focused on basically (adult) stem cell delivery, not embryonic stem cells." Mr. Reys also noted, "CellCyte Genetics' business platform is now well ...
See all stories on this topic
Stem cell specialists face questioning - 2007-07-16
exduco.net - Toscany,Italy
Also on the panel are Alan Coleman, from Embryonic Stem Cell International, Singapore, Chris Mason, from University College, London, and Daniel Brison, ...
See all stories on this topic
House Adopts Smith Amendment That Triples Funding for Life-Saving ...
PharmaLive.com (press release) - Newtown,PA,USA
Unlike embryonic stem cell research -- which to date has yet to produce any cures or treatments -- cord blood and other adult stem cell research already ...
See all stories on this topic
Stem cells and the meaning of life
Waterloo Record - Waterloo,Ontario,Canada
Among religious communities, the question of embryonic stem cell research prompts soul searching about when human life begins. Different faith groups have ...
See all stories on this topic
Japanese Team May Have Found Stem Cell "Holy Grail"
Lifesite - Niagara Falls,NY,USA
By Hilary White MANCHESTER, July 20, 2007 (LifeSiteNews.com) - Since its publication in the journals Nature and Stem Cell on June 7, a report that Japanese ...
See all stories on this topic
LCMS takes stand on stem-cell research
Sioux City Journal - Sioux City,IA,USA
The resolution states opposition to embryonic stem-cell research that destroys human life and has not yet shown success for treatment of diseases in humans. ...
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Google Blogs Alert for: stem cell, embryonic stem cell, adult stem cell
Adult Stem Cell Growth Treats Cornea Disorders
By stemceller (posted by Zonk)(pater@slashdot.org)
stemcellar writes with a link to the ScienceDaily site, reporting on a method for adult stem cells to grow cornea stem cells. This use of differentiated stem cells in therapies on specific parts of the body is fairly novel, ...
Slashdot: Generated for crimsun (4771) - http://slashdot.org/
New Method Of Adult Stem Cell Growth Treats Cornea Disorders
A new method of adult stem cell growth has demonstrated its efficacy for its capacity to grow cornea stem cells. The scientists demonstrated applying the growth technique in treating diseases of the cornea, using stem cells, ...
Online Information NEWS & Entertainme... - http://www.apnaavenue.com
Adult Stem Cell Growth Treats Cornea Disorders
By Vash the Stampede
ScienceDaily site, reports on a method for adult stem cells to grow cornea stem cells. This use of differentiated stem cells in therapies on specific parts of the body is fairly novel, the article states, and could have numerous ...
vashNYC: the 60 billion $$ man - http://fanpotai.wordpress.com
Body's repair skills key to stem cell success - Radio Australia
By success
This is also cool stuff An international research team has found the success of adult stem cell therapy depends on the body's ability to repair tissue damaged by ageing. Somthing like that princess Diana Tribute Concert A Huge Success ...
Success Blog - http://success.eblogworldreport.com
New method of adult stem cell therapy to grow cornea stem cells
A new method of adult stem cell growth, designed in the Area of Cellular Therapy of the University Clinic (University of Navarra), has demonstrated its efficacy for its capacity to grow cornea stem cells.
News-Medical News Feed - http://www.news-medical.net
Immune deficiencies
By Dr.Vishaal Bhat(Dr.Vishaal Bhat)
Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) is a rare disorder characterized by a genetic defect in stem cells that results in the absence of the thymus gland and t and b cells. Affected children are extremely susceptible to ...
MBBS To MD - http://pre-pg.blogspot.com/
US House of Reps. Allocates $15 Million to National Umbilical Cord ...
By scribe
Unlike embryonic stem cell research, which requires the destruction of the human embryo and has yet to produce any cures or treatments, cord blood and other adult stem cell research have resulted in clinical treatments.
Commentary - http://brownpelicanla.com/index.php/all
More adult stem cell advances
By Sister Toldjah
A new method of adult stem cell growth, designed in the Area of Cellular Therapy of the University Clinic (University of Navarra), has demonstrated its efficacy for its capacity to grow cornea stem cells. So Ana Fernández Hortelano, ...
Sister Toldjah - http://sistertoldjah.com
Google Web Alert for: stem cell, embryonic stem cell, adult stem cell
Do No Harm: The Coalition of Americans for Research Ethics
New Research On Adult Cells with Pluripotent Characteristics (President's Council on Bioethics). New Advances in Non-Embryonic Stem Cell Research Since 2004 ...
Slashdot | Adult Stem Cell Growth Treats Cornea Disorders
Adult Stem Cell Growth Treats Cornea Disorders -- article related to Biotech and Science.
Thousands of Adult Stem Cell Deaths Show Urgency of Embryonic Research
Read about the latest medical technology, pharmaceuticals and biotech trends including diets, drugs, genetics, stem cells, medicine, health, ...
MediCult's Novel Media Promotes Adult Stem Cell Growth - Positive ...
MediCult a/s (OSE: MEC), a leader in assisted reproductive technologies (ART), announced that it has successfully demonstrated that its proprietary ...
MIT bioengineer advances survival, promise of adult stem cells ...
MIT researchers have developed a technique to encourage the survival and growth of adult stem cells, a step that could help realize the therapeutic ...
news @ nature.com - Simple switch turns cells embryonic ...
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Stem cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
While embryonic stem cell potential remains untested, adult stem cell treatments .... "Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult ...
A new method of adult stem cell growth efficacious in treatment of ...
A new method of adult stem cell growth, designed in the Area of Cellular Therapy of the University Clinic (University of Navarra), has demonstrated its ...
ScienceDaily: A New Method Of Adult Stem Cell Growth Efficacious ...
A new method of adult stem cell growth has demonstrated its efficacy for its capacity to grow cornea stem cells. The scientists demonstrated applying the ...
Can Adult Stem Cells Do It All?: Scientific American
Scientists may have turned mouse skin cells into embryolike stem cells, but prior claims for the power of adult cells have yet to stand the test of time.
What are adult stem cells? [Stem Cell Information]
Some scientists now use the term somatic stem cell instead of adult stem cell. Unlike embryonic stem cells, which are defined by their origin (the inner ...
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CryoCord Sdn. Bhd. was established early 2002 in answer to the call by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment of Malaysia for the research and development of science by local and foreign partnerships in the medical biotechnology sector, where there is a need for companies and institutions in both the public and private sectors to work together, especially in cutting-edge technology. We are a medical biotechnology company specializing in Cord Blood Banking and Stem Cell Research, geared towards establishing itself in South East Asia. In addition, having been conferred MSC Status by the Multimedia Development Corporation, our collection and processing procedures are of the highest standard, and are in line with European standards on Cord Blood Banking. CryoCord Sdn. Bhd. is located within the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) at Century Square, Cyberjaya, a high-tech science and research based development center. CryoCord employs very stringent criteria set by the American Association of Blood Banks, and is in strict compliance with European standards on Cord Blood Banking and Stem Cell Research. The CryoCord Processing Laboratory is a state-of-the-art, Class 100 Clean-Room, laboratory and Cryo-Storage facility to ensure the highest quality in the handling of your baby's precious cord blood. The company further supports as well as complements the move by the Malaysian government to develop the biotechnology industry in Malaysia, with a view to establishing Malaysia as one of the leading nations in this industry.
Due to our rapid expansion, we are currently seeking aggressive, highly motivated and professional individuals to join us. Those who are keen to pursue a rewarding and challenging career at CryoCord are invited to submit their resumes to hr@cryocord.com.my
CryoCord Sdn. Bhd.,
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Block D1, Dataran Prima,
47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor.
Fax: 603-7880 1919
Email info@cryocord.com.my
"Adult stem cells obviously have a universal program for division that is common to all the kinds of tissue stem cells, and makes them mutually interchangeable. This was discovered by Alexei Terskikh at Stanford University School of Medicine in California. He was able to prove that adult stem cells of blood-forming tissues, and of the brain, activate the same genes, in order to preserve their status as stem cells." "If these observations are correct and are confirmed by other teams of scientists, science should concentrate on research with adult stem cells and renounce further experiments with the embryonic."
Bio-Matrix Scientific Group Inc. is currently developing products in the following areas:
The Company has recently filed a provisional patent application with the U. S. Patent Office. It anticipates numerous utility patents will result from this filing.
Bio-Matrix Scientific Group Inc.
8885 Rehco Road
San Diego, CA 92122
Telephone: 619.398.3517
FAX: 619.325.0702
: J Immunol. 2007 Aug 1;179(3):1855-
Intrapulmonary delivery of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
improves survival and attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury
in mice.Gupta N, Su X, Popov B, Lee JW, Serikov V, Matthay MA.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San
Francisco, CA 94143.
Recent in vivo and in vitro work suggests that mesenchymal stem cells
(MSC) have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we tested the
effect of administering MSC directly into the airspaces of the lung 4
h after the intrapulmonary administration of Escherichia coli
endotoxin (5 mg/kg). MSC increased survival compared with PBS-treated
control mice at 48 h (80 vs 42%; p < 0.01). There was also a
significant decrease in excess lung water, a measure of pulmonary
edema (145 +/- 50 vs 87 +/- 20 mul; p < 0.01), and bronchoalveolar
lavage protein, a measure of endothelial and alveolar epithelial
permeability (3.1 +/- 0.4 vs 2.2 +/- 0.8 mg/ml; p < 0.01), in the MSC-
treated mice. These protective effects were not replicated by the use
of further controls including fibroblasts and apoptotic MSC. The
beneficial effect of MSC was independent of the ability of the cells
to engraft in the lung and was not related to clearance of the
endotoxin by the MSC. MSC administration mediated a down-regulation
of proinflammatory responses to endotoxin (reducing TNF-alpha and MIP-
2 in the bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma) while increasing the anti-
inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In vitro coculture studies of MSC with
alveolar macrophages provided evidence that the anti-inflammatory
effect was paracrine and was not cell contact dependent. In
conclusion, treatment with intrapulmonary MSC markedly decreases the
severity of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury and improves survival
in mice.
PMID: 17641052 [PubMed - in process]
http://www.ncbi.
Db=pubmed&Cmd=
=EntrezSystem2.
The Use of Stem Cells' Hematopoietic Stimulating Factors Therapy
Following Spinal Cord Injury.
Divani AA, Hussain MS, Magal E, Heary RF, Qureshi AI.
Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, UMDNJ, New Jersey Medical
School, Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Research Center, Medical Science
Building, H506, 185 South Orange Ave., Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains one of the most devestating
conditions in medicine, particularily due to the loss of productive
life years and the high economic burden it places on our society.
There are limited therapeutic options available to reduce the
morbidity and mortality related to SCI. However, recent work with
stem cells in repairing SCI appears to be promising, making this one
of the most exciting frontiers in medicine.A brief review of the
mechanisms of SCI is presented. Stem cells from a variety of sources
have shown effectiveness in improving motor function after SCI in
animals. The pre-clinical use of stem cells in SCI and methods of
delivery are discussed. The potential use of granulocyte-
stimulating factor (G-CSF) to increase the number of stem cells
engrafting at the site of injury in order to improve neurological and
motor function recovery following SCI is introduced.G-
stimulation of lymphohemopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood, can
potentially cause repopulation of the SCI region with neural
progenitor cells. This allows for improved functional outcomes. More
pre-clinical and translational research exploring this possibility is
required.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2007 Jul 20;
PMID: 17641973 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.ncbi.
Stem cell growth efficacious in treatment of disorders of the cornea
A new method of adult stem cell growth, designed in the Area of
Cellular Therapy of the University Clinic (University of Navarra),
has demonstrated its efficacy for its capacity to grow cornea stem
cells.
So Ana Fernández Hortelano, ophthalmologist at the Hospital
demonstrated on applying the growth technique in treating diseases of
the cornea, using stem cells, in 70 test animals (rabbits). The aim
of the procedure was to regain the da maged epithelium and thus
restore transparency to the cornea.
In concrete, the thesis defended by doctor Fernández Hortelano at the
Faculty of Medicine of the University of Navarra, proves the
therapeutic efficiency in using corneal stem cells in patients with
pathologies of the cornea, such as caustications or ocular herpes, by
using stem cells from a healthy contralateral eye. The technique is
being currently applied to patients with satisfactory results.
The research has two essential parts. On the one hand, it describes
the design of a new method of cell growth and, on the other, explains
the clinical application of the procedure.Growth in two stages
The research undertaken by the ophthalmologist has shown that, from a
small biopsy sample, the new growth technique enables the growth of
the number of stem cells thus obtained to the point of obtaining
sufficient for the treatment to be effective. The cell sample is
taken from the limb of the healthy eye the ocular structure
responsible for the transparency of the cornea.
The importance of this growth method lies in the fact that it enables
the characterisation of the cells obtained, i.e. determining the
quantity and viability of the units to be used.
The method developed combines culture on a plastic chip with that of
an amniotic membrane one. The novelty of the technique focuses on the
first stage where the plastic chip is used. The fragment of tissue
obtained from the healthy eye divides into smaller fractions which
are grown on the chip. Thus a greater number of halos of stem cells
are obtained (as many as the fragments of tissue). A sample of the
cells obtained are then sent the Anatomic Pathology laboratory where
the viability and quality of the cell units are verified.
The cells are transferred to the amniotic membrane growth culture,
one that is highly suitable when dealing with stem cells that are to
be transplanted for ocular regeneration treatment.
Once in the amniotic membrane, the stem cells expand in a homogeneous
manner, enabling a better cell identification in order to select the
most suitable units for the treatment. This method permits finding
out with precision the cell population that we are implanting in the
eye and to verify, thereby, both the quality and quantity of the
cells transplanted.
The second part of the research involved the clinical application of
the adult stem cells transplant in rabbits, which previously have had
an epithelial corneal lesion induced, causing loss of corneal
transparency. This is a pathology that does not respond to a corneal
transplant nor to other conventional treatment.
The procedure used by Dr Fernández Hortelano involved obtaining this
type of cell corneal stem cells by means of a biopsy of cells
from a healthy eye of the rabbit. This is a small sample of cells - 3
by 4 mm - and so the contrateral eye is not in danger. A tiny number
of cells thus being involved, it is necessary to grow the samples in
order to obtain greater numbers of cells, an expansion achieved by
transferring the culture to the amniotic membrane.
The adult stem cells obtained are implanted in the da maged eye and
the limb is regenerated, this leading to the recovery of the corneal
epithelium and, thereby, the transparency of the cornea. The results
to date achieved amongst the group of rabbits, with induced limbic
insufficiency and which then had a transplant of adult stem cells,
showed recovery of the corneal epithelium in 60% of the treated
animals. The corneal epithelium is the layer that is da maged with
limbic insufficiency, a problem which, in the long term, results in
opacity of the cornea.
http://www.spiritin
Genzyme Announces Phase 3 Trial of Mozobil in non-Hodgkin'
Meets Primary Endpoint
July 19, 2007: 08:59 AM EST
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., July 19 /PRNewswire-
today announced that it has successfully completed its phase 3 trial
of Mozobil(TM) (plerixafor) in non-Hodgkin'
the trial has robustly met its primary and secondary endpoints.
The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 298
patients who were undergoing a hematopoietic stem cell transplant
(HSCT) for NHL at medical centers in the United States and Canada. It
examined the effectiveness of Mozobil in increasing the number of
hematopoietic stem cells collected for a transplant. The study
compared the hematopoietic stem cell yield from patients treated with
Mozobil in combination with G-CSF to patients treated with G-CSF in
combination with placebo. G-CSF is the standard of care for
stimulating the mobilization of stem cells from the bone marrow;
Mozobil is designed to allow for the more rapid and effective release
of those stem cells from the marrow into the circulating blood for
collection by apheresis.
In the primary efficacy endpoint, 59 percent of patients treated with
a combination of Mozobil and G-CSF achieved the target threshold for
collection of at least 5 million CD34+cells/kg from the peripheral
blood with four or fewer days of apheresis sessions, compared with 20
percent of patients in the G-CSF/placebo group. The three-fold
increase was highly statistically significant in favor of the Mozobil-
treated patients (p<0.0001). The 40 percent absolute difference
between the two treatment groups was nearly double the target that
Genzyme prospectively defined in the protocol for the study, which
was reviewed by FDA as part of the Special Protocol Assessment
process.
In the secondary efficacy endpoint, nearly 87 percent of patients
treated with Mozobil and G-CSF achieved the minimum level of stem
cells generally associated with a successful transplant (2 million
CD34+cells/kg) in four or fewer days of apheresis sessions, compared
with approximately 47 percent in the placebo arm. This result was
also highly statistically significant in favor of the Mozobil-treated
patients (p<0.0001).
The other secondary efficacy endpoints were supportive of these
findings, including analysis of the number of days needed to reach
target ranges for stem cell mobilization, the success of engraftment,
the number of days needed to engraft, and the durability of the
engraftment for the first 100 days.
Mozobil was well tolerated in the trial, with the most common adverse
events being mild gastrointestinal effects and redness at the site of
injection. There were two related serious adverse events seen in the
Mozobil plus G-CSF arm, and one in the G-CSF plus placebo arm.
"These are very impressive results with far-reaching clinical
importance for patients undergoing a stem cell transplant for
lymphoma," said Principal Investigator John F. DiPersio, M.D., Ph.D.,
professor, Washington University, St. Louis. "Current literature
suggests that increasing the number of stem cells in circulation and
the number collected at the time of apheresis may improve the
outcomes of patients undergoing a stem cell transplant, reduce the
costs associated with stem cell collection and, more importantly,
broaden the pool of patients for whom transplantation is an option."
Based on these results Genzyme expects to file for US and European
approval in lymphoma in the first half of 2008. In addition, Genzyme
is completing a second phase 3 trial of Mozobil in multiple myeloma,
and results are expected in the coming weeks.
About Mozobil
Mozobil, a novel small molecule CXCR4 chemokine antagonist, has been
shown in multiple earlier studies to rapidly and effectively increase
the number of stem cells in circulation in the blood. Once
circulating in the blood, stem cells can be collected for use in a
stem cell transplant. Mozobil has been granted special protocol
assessment and orphan drug status in the United States and European
Union and the pivotal trials have undergone Special Protocol
Assessment by the FDA and Protocol Assistance by the EMEA. Genzyme
intends to commercialize Mozobil through its existing global
transplant business to hematologists and hematopoietic stem cell
transplant centers in more than 50 countries throughout the world.
Genzyme has been developing Mozobil since its acquisition of AnorMED,
Inc. in 2006.
Approximately 55,000 stem cell transplants are performed each year
for multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin'
conditions in markets where Genzyme has a commercial infrastructure,
including the United States, Europe, Latin America and the Asian
Pacific countries.
About Genzyme
One of the world's leading biotechnology companies, Genzyme is
dedicated to making a major positive impact on the lives of people
with serious diseases. Since 1981, the company has grown from a small
start-up to a diversified enterprise with more than 9,000 employees
in locations spanning the globe and 2006 revenues of $3.2 billion.
Genzyme has been selected by FORTUNE as one of the "100 Best
Companies to Work for" in the United States.
With many established products and services helping patients in
nearly 90 countries, Genzyme is a leader in the effort to develop and
apply the most advanced technologies in the life sciences. The
company's products and services are focused on rare inherited
disorders, kidney disease, orthopaedics, cancer, transplant, and
diagnostic testing. Genzyme's commitment to innovation continues
today with a substantial development program focused on these fields,
as well as immune disease, infectious disease, and other areas of
unmet medical need.
This press release contains forward-looking statements, including the
statements regarding: the anticipated clinical importance for
patients undergoing stem cell transplants, the anticipated
improvements with respect to patient outcomes, the potential increase
in the number of patients for whom transplantation may become
available, the timing expectations associated with the multiple
myeloma phase 3 clinical trial results, Genzyme's anticipated timing
associated with regulatory submissions for US and European regulatory
approvals for Mozobil and Genzyme's global commercialization plans
for Mozobil and its ability to leverage its existing commercial
infrastructure. These statements are subject to risks and
uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially
from those projected in these forward-looking statements. These risks
and uncertainties include, among others, the possibility of
unfavorable multiple myeloma phase 3 clinical trial results, the
failure of Mozobil to receive regulatory approvals for the label or
on the schedule expected, the uncertainties of launching a new
product on a global scale following receipt of applicable regulatory
approvals due to misestimates of the time and resources required to
do so, or for other reasons, the failure of Mozobil to receive
favorable pricing or reimbursement; the possible inaccuracies of
Genzyme's analysis with respect to markets and number of potential
patients for Mozobil; and the risks and uncertainties described in
reports filed by Genzyme with the Securities and Exchange Commission
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including
without limitation the information under the heading "Factors
Affecting Future Operating Results" in the Management's Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section
of the Genzyme Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending
March 31, 2007. Genzyme cautions investors not to place substantial
reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this press
release. These statements speak only as of the date of this press
release, and Genzyme undertakes no obligation to update or revise the
statements.
Genzyme(R) is a registered trademark and Mozobil TM is a trademark of
Genzyme Corporation. All rights reserved.
Genzyme's press releases and other company information are available
at www.genzyme.
at 1-800-905-4369 within the United States or 1-678-999-4572 outside
the United States.
Media Contact: Investor Contact:
Dan Quinn Sally Curley
(617) 768-6849 (617) 768-6140
http://money.
7-1.htm
MS Society Announces 2.4 Million Dollars To Continue Ottawa Bone
Marrow Stem Cell Transplant Trial
Main Category: Multiple Sclerosis News
Article Date: 19 Jul 2007 - 1:00 PDT
The Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada announced a 2.4 million
dollars grant to continue a closely-watched clinical trial involving
an experimental bone marrow stem cell transplant therapy. The trial
is being conducted by a team of Canadian MS specialists led by Dr.
Mark Freedman and Dr. Harry Atkins in Ottawa.
"The aim of the study was to see if this treatment protocol could
halt deterioration in a group of MS patients with rapidly progressive
disease," says Jon Temme, vice president of client services and
research for the MS Society. "Currently, the majority of the 18
patients have stabilized or improved, and the focus of this second
phase of the trial will be to determine if this stabilization can be
maintained."
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, often disabling disease of the brain
and spinal cord. Between 55,000 and 75,000 Canadians have MS making
it the most common neurological disease of young adults in Canada.
Most people with MS are diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 40.
MS symptoms are unpredictable and vary greatly from person to person
but can include: double or blurred vision; extreme fatigue; loss of
balance; stiffness of muscles; speech problems; bladder and bowel
problems; and even partial or complete paralysis.
"The idea behind this clinical trial is to replace the diseased
immune system with a new one derived from the patient's own bone
marrow stem cells," explains Dr. Harry Atkins, a scientist at the
Ottawa Health Research Institute, bone marrow transplant specialist
at the Ottawa Hospital, and assistant professor at the University of
Ottawa. "First we purify and freeze the patient's stem cells, then we
use strong chemotherapy to destroy their existing immune system, and
then we transplant the purified stem cells back into the patient. It
takes time, but eventually these stem cells will form a completely
new immune system - one that does not attack the brain and spinal
cord - we hope."
A similar procedure has been used to treat certain types of blood
cancer for more than 25 years, but applying the procedure to treat
autoimmune diseases such as MS is novel.
"We hoped that this therapy would halt or slow the progression of MS,
and in the patients examined so far, it seems to have worked," says
Dr. Mark Freedman, a senior scientist at the Ottawa Health Research
Institute, director of the Ottawa Hospital MS Clinic, and professor
at the University of Ottawa. "In addition, some patients have
experienced substantial improvements in their ability to see and
walk. This was unexpected, and it suggests the exciting possibility
that the th
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